Transitioning organic synthesis from organic solvents to water. What's your E Factor?
Transitioning organic synthesis from organic solvents to water. What's your E Factor?
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DOI：
10.1039/c4gc00503a
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ghorai S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lipshutz BH;Ghorai S
传统的有机化学，特别是有机合成，严重依赖于有机溶剂，因为大多数反应涉及的有机底物和催化剂往往是水不溶性的。不幸的是，有机溶剂构成了化学企业产生的大部分有机废物，无论是来自学术，工业还是政府实验室。有机溶剂的一种替代品遵循自然界的领导：水。为了避免溶解度问题，新设计的“设计师”表面活性剂提供了一个机会，使许多常用的过渡金属催化和相关的反应在有机合成中有效地运行在水中，通常在环境温度下。本文综述了这一领域的最新进展，这类两亲物在水中自发自聚集。所得到的胶束阵列作为纳米反应器，避免有机溶剂作为反应介质，同时最大限度地提高环境效益。
Traditional organic chemistry, and organic synthesis in particular, relies heavily on organic solvents, as most reactions involve organic substrates and catalysts that tend to be water-insoluble. Unfortunately, organic solvents make up most of the organic waste created by the chemical enterprise, whether from academic, industrial, or governmental labs. One alternative to organic solvents follows the lead of Nature: water. To circumvent the solubility issues, newly engineered “designer” surfactants offer an opportunity to efficiently enable many of the commonly used transition metal-catalyzed and related reactions in organic synthesis to be run in water, and usually at ambient temperatures. This review focuses on recent progress in this area, where such amphiphiles spontaneously self-aggregate in water. The resulting micellar arrays serve as nanoreactors, obviating organic solvents as the reaction medium, while maximizing environmental benefits.