Holding the Line: The Sustainability of Police Involvement in Crime Prevention
Holding the Line: The Sustainability of Police Involvement in Crime Prevention
复制标题
坚守阵线：警察参与预防犯罪的可持续性
DOI：
10.4324/9780203435946
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jason Roach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Hirschfield;P. Ekblom;Rachel Armitage;Jason Roach
罗伯特·皮尔爵士在1829年发给伦敦警察厅所有警官的手册的开头是这样的：
“首先，我们必须明白，要达到的目的是防止罪行。为了这个伟大的目标，警察的一切努力都将被指导。因此，人身和财产的安全，维护公共安宁，以及警察机构的所有其他目标将比在犯罪者成功实施犯罪后对其进行侦查和惩罚更有效。引用自Reith（1948：62）。梅恩是最早的两名专员之一，他补充了这一原则：“防止犯罪和混乱，作为用军事力量和法律的严厉惩罚来镇压的替代办法。”引用自Boyd（2012）。他们所说的预防到底是什么意思，人们可以自由解释，这是否只是一个鲁塞，以帮助说服怀疑的公众，在英国不会采取“大陆”镇压方法，这一点尚不清楚。但到了世纪后期，抓捕罪犯或“感觉衣领”的反应性方法开始占主导地位;到了20世纪，“打击犯罪”的政治重要性言论取得了共识霸权，多年来为警务提供了巨大的资源，当然也有力地塑造了警务组织。直到1960年代，才看到明确、实际和预防性作用重新抬头的初步迹象。
The opening lines of the handbook issued by Sir Robert Peel to all officers of the Metropolitan Police in 1829, were these:
‘It should be understood at the outset that the object to be attained is the prevention of crime. To this great end every effort of the police is to be directed. The security of person and property, the preservation of the public tranquility, and all the other objects of a police establishment will thus be better effected than by the detection and punishment of the offender after he has succeeded in committing the crime.’ Quoted in Reith (1948:62). Mayne, one of the first two Commissioners, added this principle: ‘To prevent crime and disorder, as an alternative to their repression by military force and severity of legal punishment.’ Quoted in Boyd (2012). What exactly they meant by prevention is open to interpretation, and whether this was just a ruse to help convince a suspicious public that in England ‘continental’ methods of repression would not be adopted is not clear. But by the late 19th Century the reactive approach of catching criminals or ‘feeling collars’ had come to predominate; and in the 20th, the politically-significant rhetoric of ‘fighting crime’ achieved consensual hegemony, delivered huge resources to policing over the years and of course powerfully shaped the policing organisation. It was not until the 1960s that the first signs of resurgence of an explicit, practical, preventive role were seen.