Water clarity of the Upper Great Lakes: Tracking changes between 1998–2012
Water clarity of the Upper Great Lakes: Tracking changes between 1998–2012
复制标题
五大湖上游水体透明度：追踪 1998 年至 2012 年之间的变化
DOI：
10.1016/j.jglr.2016.12.002
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Azad Henareh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foad Yousef;R. Shuchman;M. Sayers;G. Fahnenstiel;Azad Henareh
通过1998年至2012年的卫星图像评估了五大湖上游三个湖泊（上级湖、密歇根湖和休伦湖）的水透明度趋势。光衰减系数（Kd 490）从SeaWiFS和Aqua中分辨率成像光谱仪卫星相比，有利的原位测量。Kd 490的时间和空间的趋势和差异显着，注意到在所有三个湖泊。上级湖的全湖平均Kd 490在1998年至2012年期间没有表现出任何变化。然而，休伦湖的年度Kd 490值在研究期间使用SeaWiFS和MODIS数据集显示出显着的负趋势。同样，密歇根湖的年Kd 490值在1998年至2010年期间下降。仅在密歇根湖北方近海沃茨（> 90 m深），Kd 490增加，但就在2007年之后。光深度显着增加，在密歇根湖（105米），休伦湖（100米）时，比较年度Kd 490前（1998-2001年）和后dreissenid贻贝（2006-2010年）。在季节性水平上，显着减少Kd 490在密歇根湖和休伦湖主要注意到春/秋/冬混合期。在这些最近的水质变化之后，密歇根湖和休伦湖的全湖透光深度取代了上级湖;因此，上级湖不再是最清澈的大湖。几个因素（例如斑驴贻贝的过滤活动、磷减少、气候变化等）很可能是造成这些巨大变化的原因
Water clarity trends in three upper Great Lakes, Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron, were assessed via satellite imagery from 1998 to 2012. Light attenuation coefficients (Kd490) from SeaWiFS and Aqua MODIS satellites compared favorably with in situ measurements. Significant temporal and spatial trends and differences in Kd490were noted within all three of the lakes. Lake-wide average Kd490for Lake Superior did not exhibit any changes between 1998 and 2012. Annual Kd490values for Lake Huron, however, showed a significant negative trend during the study period using both SeaWiFS and MODIS datasets. Similarly, annual Kd490values of Lake Michigan declined between 1998 and 2010. Only in the offshore waters (> 90 m depth) of northern Lake Michigan did Kd490increase but just after 2007. Photic depth increased significantly in both Lake Michigan (≃ 5 m), and Lake Huron (≃ 10 m) when comparing annual Kd490for pre- (1998–2001) and post-dreissenid mussel (2006–2010). At seasonal level, significant decreases in Kd490in lakes Michigan and Huron were mainly noted for the spring/fall/winter mixing periods. After these recent changes in water clarity, lake-wide photic depths in lakes Michigan and Huron superseded Lake Superior; thus, making Lake Superior no longer the clearest Great Lake. Several factors (e.g. filtering activities of quagga mussels, phosphorus abatement, climate change, etc.) are likely responsible for these large changes.