World poverty and human rights : cosmopolitan responsibilities and reforms
World poverty and human rights : cosmopolitan responsibilities and reforms
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世界贫困与人权：世界主义责任与改革
DOI：
10.1017/s0892679400003178
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Thomas Pogge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomas Pogge
引言一、关于我们的道德判断的一些警告二、忽视世界经济的四个简单理由三、为我们对世界经济的默许辩护四、我们新的全球经济秩序真的不会伤害穷人吗？五责任与改革第1章：人类繁荣与普遍正义1.0引言1.1社会正义1.2家长主义1.3第一近似的正义1.4基本改进1.5人权1.6人权及其实现责任的规范1.7结论第2章：应该如何构想人权？2.0引言2.1从自然法到权利2.2从自然权利到人权2.3官方的不尊重2.4社会和经济权利的自由主义批判2.5社会和经济权利作为“宣言权利”的批判2.6关于人权种类的争论第三章：道德漏洞3.0引言3.1激励的类型3.2漏洞3.3社会责任3.4案例1：改造后的公寓楼3.5案例2：南非白色人的家园政策3.6反对意见3.7强化3.8虚构的历史3.9等同性之谜3.10结论第四章：道德普遍主义和全球经济正义4.0引言4.1道德普遍主义4.2我们对国家和全球经济秩序的道德评估4.3关于全球经济秩序的一些事实背景顺序4.3.1世界不平等的程度4.3.2全球不平等的程度4.3.3世界贫困和不平等的趋势4.4国家和全球经济正义概念的对比4.5道德普遍主义和大卫米勒的语境主义4.6语境主义道德普遍主义和约翰罗尔斯的道德概念4.7通过双重标准来区分不同的道德概念4.8区分没有双重标准的不同道德观念4.9全球机构在持续存在严重不道德行为中的因果作用4.10结论第五章：民族主义的界限5.0导言5.1共同民族主义--同胞利益优先5.2崇高民族主义--同胞正义优先5.3和解民族主义--国家边界的深层意义5.4结论第六章：实现民主6.0引言6.1新生民主国家面临的问题结构6.2减少政变的预期回报6.3削弱独裁掠夺者的借贷能力6.3.1关键问题6.3.2一报还达特问题6.3.3建制问题6.3.4综合6.4削弱专制掠夺者的资源掠夺6.5结论第七章：世界主义与主权7.0导言7.1基于人权的制度世界主义7.2国家主权的理念7.3主权纵向分散的一些主要原因7.3.1和平与安全7.3.2减少压迫7.3.3全球经济正义7.3.4生态/民主7.4政治单位的塑造和重塑7.5结论第八章：消除系统性贫困：全球资源红利简介8.0引言8.1根本的不平等和我们的责任8.2不公正的三个理由8.2.1共享社会制度的影响8.2.2无偿排斥使用8.2.3一个共同而暴力的历史的影响8.3一个温和的提议8.4改革提议的道德论证8.5改革提议现实吗？8.6结论注释文献索引
Introduction.I Some Cautions About Our Moral JudgementsII Four Easy Reasons to Ignore World PovertyIII Defending Our Acquiescence in World PovertyIV Does Our New Global Economic Order Really Not Harm the Poor?V Responsibilities and ReformsChapter 1: Human Flourishing and Universal Justice1.0 Introduction1.1 Social Justice1.2 Paternalism1.3 Justice in First Approximation1.4 Essential Refinements1.5 Human Rights1.6 Specification of Human Rights and Responsibilities for their Realization1.7 ConclusionChapter 2: How Should Human Rights be Conceived?2.0 Introduction2.1 From Natural Law to Rights2.2 From Natural Rights to Human Rights2.3 Official Disrespect2.4 The Libertarian Critique of Social and Economic Rights2.5 The Critique of Social and Economic Rights as 'Manifesto Rights'2.6 Disputes about Kinds of Human RightsChapter 3: Loopholes in Moralities3.0 Introduction3.1 Types of Incentives3.2 Loopholes3.3 Social Arrangements3.4 Case 1: The Converted Apartment Building3.5 Case 2: The Homelands Policy of White South Africa3.6 An Objection3.7 Strengthening3.8 Fictional Histories3.9 Puzzles of Equivalence3.10 ConclusionChapter 4: Moral Universalism and Global Economic Justice4.0 Introduction4.1 Moral Universalism4.2 Our Moral Assessment of National and Global Economic Orders4.3 Some Factual Background about the Global Economic Order4.3.1 The Extent of World Poverty4.3.2 The Extent of Global Inequality4.3.3 Trends in World Poverty and Inequality 4.4 Conceptions of National and Global Economic Justice Contrasted4.5 Moral Universalism and David Miller's Contextualism4.6 Contextualist Moral Universalism and John Rawls's Moral Conception4.7 Rationalizing Divergent Moral Conceptions Through a Double Standard4.8 Rationalizing Divergent Moral Conceptions Without a Double Standard4.9 The Causal Role of Global Institutions in the Persistence of Severe Poverty4.10 ConclusionChapter 5: The Bounds of Nationalism5.0 Introduction5.1 Common Nationalism - Priority for the Interests of Compatriots5.2 Lofty Nationalism - The Justice-for-Compatriots Priority5.3 Explanatory Nationalism - The Deep Significance of National Borders5.4 ConclusionChapter 6: Achieving Democracy6.0 Introduction6.1 The Structure of the Problem Faced by Fledgling Democracies6.2 Reducing the Expected Rewards of Coups d'Etat6.3 Undermining the Borrowing Privilege of Authoritarian Predators6.3.1 The Criterial Problem6.3.2 The Tit-For-Tat Problem6.3.3 The Establishment Problem6.3.4 Synthesis6.4 Undermining the Resource Privilege of Authoritarian Predators6.5 ConclusionChapter 7: Cosmopolitanism and Sovereignty7.0 Introduction7.1 Institutional Cosmopolitanism Based on Human Rights7.2 The Idea of State Sovereignty7.3 Some Main Reasons for a Vertical Dispersal of Sovereignty7.3.1 Peace and Security7.3.2 Reducing Oppression7.3.3 Global Economic Justice7.3.4 Ecology/Democracy7.4 The Shaping and Reshaping of Political Units7.5 ConclusionChapter 8: Eradicating Systemic Poverty: Brief for a Global Resources Dividend8.0 Introduction8.1 Radical Inequality and Our Responsibility8.2 Three Grounds of Injustice8.2.1 The Effects of Shared Social Institutions8.2.2 Uncompensated Exclusion from the Use of Natural Resources8.2.3 The Effects of a Common and Violent History8.3 A Moderate Proposal8.4 The Moral Argument for the Proposed Reform8.5 Is the Reform Proposal Realistic?8.6 ConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex