Effect of postnatal low-dose exposure to environmental chemicals on the gut microbiome in a rodent model.
Effect of postnatal low-dose exposure to environmental chemicals on the gut microbiome in a rodent model.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40168-016-0173-2
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发表时间：
2016-06-14
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
Chen J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu J;Raikhel V;Gopalakrishnan K;Fernandez-Hernandez H;Lambertini L;Manservisi F;Falcioni L;Bua L;Belpoggi F;L Teitelbaum S;Chen J
这项原理验证研究探讨了出生后低剂量暴露于环境化学物质是否会改变肠道微生物组的组成。在个人护理产品中广泛使用的三种化学品-邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP），对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MPB），三氯生（TCS）-及其混合物（MIX）以与人类暴露量相当的剂量给予Sprague-Dawley大鼠从出生到成年。在两个时间点收集粪便样本：出生后第62天（青春期）和出生后第181天（成年期）。通过16 S核糖体RNA基因测序对肠道微生物组进行分析，进行分类学分配并评估多样性。宏基因组分析显示，低剂量的化学品暴露导致整体细菌组成的显着变化，但仅在青春期大鼠中。具体而言，与对照组相比，在所有处理的大鼠中，拟杆菌属（普雷沃氏菌属）的个体分类单元相对丰度增加，而厚壁菌门（芽孢杆菌属）的相对丰度降低。DEP和MPB组中的Elusimicrobia、MPB和MIX组中的Betaproteobacteria和TCS组中的Delaproteobacteria的丰度增加。令人惊讶的是，尽管持续暴露，这些差异在成年期（PND 181）减少，表明暴露于环境化学物质对青少年的肠道微生物组产生了更深远的影响。我们还观察到青春期暴露大鼠的体重出现小幅但一致的降低，尤其是DEP和MPB治疗（p < 0.05），这与我们在暴露大鼠PND 62时厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比例降低的发现一致。这项研究提供了初步证据，表明出生后暴露于与人类暴露剂量相当的常用环境化学品能够改变青春期大鼠的肠道微生物群;这些变化是否会导致下游健康影响需要进一步调查。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s40168-016-0173-2）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
This proof-of-principle study examines whether postnatal, low-dose exposure to environmental chemicals modifies the composition of gut microbiome. Three chemicals that are widely used in personal care products—diethyl phthalate (DEP), methylparaben (MPB), triclosan (TCS)—and their mixture (MIX) were administered at doses comparable to human exposure to Sprague-Dawley rats from birth through adulthood. Fecal samples were collected at two time points: postnatal day (PND) 62 (adolescence) and PND 181 (adulthood). The gut microbiome was profiled by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, taxonomically assigned and assessed for diversity. Metagenomic profiling revealed that the low-dose chemical exposure resulted in significant changes in the overall bacterial composition, but in adolescent rats only. Specifically, the individual taxon relative abundance for Bacteroidetes (Prevotella) was increased while the relative abundance of Firmicutes (Bacilli) was reduced in all treated rats compared to controls. Increased abundance was observed for Elusimicrobia in DEP and MPB groups, Betaproteobacteria in MPB and MIX groups, and Deltaproteobacteria in TCS group. Surprisingly, these differences diminished by adulthood (PND 181) despite continuous exposure, suggesting that exposure to the environmental chemicals produced a more profound effect on the gut microbiome in adolescents. We also observed a small but consistent reduction in the bodyweight of exposed rats in adolescence, especially with DEP and MPB treatment (p < 0.05), which is consistent with our findings of a reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at PND 62 in exposed rats. This study provides initial evidence that postnatal exposure to commonly used environmental chemicals at doses comparable to human exposure is capable of modifying the gut microbiota in adolescent rats; whether these changes lead to downstream health effects requires further investigation. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0173-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.