Comparison of the soleus and plantaris muscles in humans and other primates: Macroscopic neuromuscular anatomy and evolutionary significance
Comparison of the soleus and plantaris muscles in humans and other primates: Macroscopic neuromuscular anatomy and evolutionary significance
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人类和其他灵长类动物比目鱼肌和跖肌的比较：宏观神经肌肉解剖学和进化意义
DOI：
10.1002/ar.24999
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Arakawa Takamitsu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sakuraya Tohma;Sekiya Shin‐ichi;Emura Kenji;Sonomura Takahiro;Hirasaki Eishi;Arakawa Takamitsu
在人类中，比目鱼肌比其他灵长类动物更发达，并且具有由前二羽状和后单羽状部分组成的独特结构，这些部分由不同的神经分支支配。人类比目鱼肌的前部被认为对两足行走很重要，然而，导致其获得的系统发育过程仍然不清楚。为深入了解这一过程，比目鱼肌的前部被认为是密切相关的足底神经束的分支模式的基础上。为了揭示灵长类比目鱼肌和跖肌的发生，我们比较了多种灵长类动物小腿后肌的神经支配模式。根据小腿后肌的分支形态，可分为浅肌群和深肌群。比目鱼肌前部和跖肌均属于深肌群。在所有环尾狐猴和黑猩猩的标本中，以及在两个合趾猴标本中的一个标本中，都发现了与支配人类比目鱼肌前部的神经分支相对应的神经分支，支配比目鱼肌前部和跖肌前部的肌支在所有标本中形成共同的干或相连。这些结果表明，比目鱼肌的前部在不同种类的灵长类动物中与跖肌密切相关。反过来，这表明比目鱼肌的前部在灵长类动物中得以保留，特别是在人类中，它作为特征性的双羽结构发育。
In humans, the soleus is more developed compared to other primates and has a unique architecture composed of anterior bipennate and posterior unipennate parts, which are innervated by different nerve branches. The anterior part of the human soleus was proposed to be important for bipedalism, however, the phylogenetic process resulting in its acquisition remains unclear. Providing insights into this process, the anterior part of the soleus was suggested to be closely related to the plantaris based on the branching pattern of their nerve fascicles. To reveal the phylogeny of the soleus and plantaris in primates, the innervation patterns of the posterior crural muscles were compared among a wide range of species. From their branching pattern, posterior crural muscles could be classified into superficial and deep muscle groups. The anterior part of the soleus and plantaris both belonged to the deep muscle group. In all the examined specimens of ring‐tailed lemurs and chimpanzees, as well as in one out of two specimens of siamang, the nerve branches corresponding to those innervating the anterior part of the human soleus were found. The muscular branches innervating the anterior part of the soleus and plantaris formed a common trunk or were connected in all the specimens. These results indicate that the anterior part of the soleus is closely related to the plantaris across different species of primates. In turn, this suggests that the anterior part of the soleus is maintained among primates, and especially in humans, where it develops as the characteristic bipennate structure.