Language, Translation, Trauma
Language, Translation, Trauma
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语言、翻译、创伤
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-anthro-102215-100232
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
A. Pillen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Pillen
当代创伤的定义及其应用在人类学中仍然存在争议。幸存者对一个平行的、不相容的暴行世界的意识被理解为绕过语言或有意识的表达。这样的框架可以与关于幸存者沉默的民族志研究相比较。非人道和极端暴力的经验最终找到了话语的利基，但也带来了翻译问题。通过传统人类学的镜头，另一个领域出现了——一个吸血鬼、僵尸和食人族的世界。“危害人类罪”（Crimes against humanity）也可以加入其中，但整体翻译似乎倾向于维持解释性控制，即使是在大规模非人性化的背景下。人类学家可以很好地关注幸存者的复杂证据系统和自由声音的构建。然而，创伤的形象及其不可翻译性在干预的背景中徘徊，并指出……
Contemporary definitions of trauma and their application remain controversial within anthropology. A survivor's awareness of a parallel, incompatible world of atrocity is understood to bypass language or conscious expression. Such a framework can be compared with ethnographic work on the silence of survivors. Experiences of inhumanity and extreme violence eventually find a discursive niche but nevertheless pose problems of translation. Through the lens of traditional anthropology another realm emerges—a world of vampires, zombies, and cannibals. “Crimes against humanity” can be added to the list, but overall translations seem oriented toward the maintenance of interpretative control, even in contexts of mass dehumanization. Anthropologists are well placed to pay attention to both the complex evidential systems of survivors and the construction of liberal voices. The image of trauma and its untranslatability, however, linger in the background of interventions and point to the vital but endangered bond betw...