Latent Infections by Fungi
Latent Infections by Fungi
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真菌潜伏感染
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.py.12.090174.000531
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发表时间：
1974
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Verhoeff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Verhoeff
在致病真菌与其宿主植物建立寄生关系之前，真菌的生命周期中的许多阶段将已经通过。孢子落在寄主表面后，如果环境适宜，就会萌发。孢子可以在着陆后立即发芽，也可以在发芽发生之前需要一段时间。在此期间，孢子必须保持活力;真菌可以通过从宿主上清洗孢子并将这种悬浮液铺板分离，或者当粘附在表面时，通过将宿主组织的碎片铺板分离。虽然尚未发生感染，但有时将着陆和发芽之间的这段时间称为潜伏感染。萌发发生后，芽管可以直接渗透到宿主组织中，在渗透之前有或没有表面菌丝体的发育。在这两种情况下，感染菌丝都可以从附着胞中产生。Som!有时这些附着胞在宿主表面上仍能存活一段时间，但感染尚未发生。以各种方式渗透到宿主中。在许多情况下，感染菌丝穿透寄主角质层，然后穿透外表皮细胞壁。这可能是寄生关系的开始。然而，在渗透和这种关系的开始之间可能会经过一段时间。这个阶段被正确地称为潜伏，休眠或静止感染。实际的感染已经发生，虽然肉眼还看不见，但感染菌丝的进一步生长被延迟。在这个阶段，我们对宿主和寄生虫之间的关系一无所知;这两者之间可能存在一种平衡。这意味着术语延迟应该被描述为静止或休眠的寄生rc：lationship，经过一段时间后，可以变成活动的。本文使用了Giiumann（32）首次提出的上述潜伏感染的定义，尽管我没有像Giiumann那样将该定义扩展到许多Usti/ago spp生命周期的那些阶段。在此期间，没有外部
Before a pathogenic fungus establishes a parasitic relationship with its host plant, a number of stages in the life cycle of the fungus will have been passed. After spores land on the surface of the host, germination takes place if circumstances are favor able. A spore can germinate immediately after landing, or it can take some time before germination occurs. During this time, the spores must remain viable; the fungus can be isolated by washing the spores from the host and plating out this suspension or, when stuck to the surface, by plating out pieces of the host tissue. This period between landing and germination is sometimes referred to as a latent infection, although no infection has yet taken place. After germination has occurred, the germ tube can penetrate directly into the host tissue, with or without the development of superficial mycelium preceding penetration. In both cases, infection hyphae can be produced from appressoria. Som!!times these appressoria remain viable on the surface of the host for some time, but infection has not yet taken place. Penetration into the host occurs in various ways. In many cases, an infection hypha penetrates the host cuticle and then the outer epidermal cell wall. This can be the start of a parasitic relationship. However, some time may pass between penetration and the start of such a relationship. This stage is correctly referred to as a latent, dormant, or quiescent infection. The actual infection has taken place, though macroscopically not yet visible, but further growth of the infection hypha is delayed. Nothing is known about the relationship between host and parasite at this stage; there might be an equilibrium between these two. This implies that the term latency should be described as a quiescent or dormant parasitic rc;:lationship which, after a time, can change into an active one. The definition of a latent infection given above, first stated by Giiumann (32), is used in this paper, although I do not extend the definition, as Giiumann did, to those stages in the life cycle of a number of Usti/ago spp. during which no external