THE WATER-BALANCE OF POST-MONSOONAL DRYLAND CROPS
THE WATER-BALANCE OF POST-MONSOONAL DRYLAND CROPS
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DOI：
10.1017/s0021859600038739
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
ZANDSTRA, HG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ANGUS, JF;HASEGAWA, S;ZANDSTRA, HG
在菲律宾国际水稻研究所的粘壤土旱地上，在灌溉和灌溉条件下种植了6种旱地作物（绿豆[Vigna radiata]、豇豆[V. unguiculata]、大豆[Glycine max]、花生[Arachis hypogaea]、玉米[Zea mays]和高粱[Sorghum bicolor]）和2种水稻[Oryza sativa]栽培品种（C-171-136和IR 36）。在生长的头30天后，没有有效的降雨，被灌溉的作物遇到了不同的水分亏缺。测定了作物生产力、叶面积、植物水分状况、根系分布和土壤水分利用。两种水稻品种在干旱条件下都不结籽，但所有其他作物都结籽。绿豆和豇豆在灌溉和灌水条件下的产量差异不大，但花生、大豆、高粱和玉米在灌水条件下的产量较高。被灌溉的作物提取了不同数量的储存土壤水分，从IR 36的100 mm到花生的250 mm不等。不同的数量与不同的生长时间，生根深度和土壤水分消耗率从根区。利用土壤水分提取和土壤蒸发估算的蒸腾量与C3光合途径的6种作物的生物生产力呈线性相关。C4途径的2种作物单位蒸腾生物生产力是C3途径的2.2倍。种子产量的差异是由于收获指数和种子的化学成分的差异，以及生物生产力。结果进行了讨论，在水稻为基础的种植制度的水稻后种植旱地作物的潜力。
Six dryland crops (mungbean [Vigna radiata], cow pea [V. unguiculata], soybean [Glycine max], groundnut [Arachis hypogaea], maize [Zea mays] and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor]) and 2 rice [Oryza sativa] cultivars (C-171-136 and IR 36) were grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions on a dryland site with a clay loam soil at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines. After the first 30 days of growth there was no effective rain, and the rainfed crops encountered different water deficits. Crop productivity, leaf area, plant water status, root distribution and soil water use were measured. Neither rice cultivar yielded seed under rainfed conditions, but all other crops did. With mungbean and cow pea there was little difference between the yields under rainfed and irrigated conditions, but groundnut, soybean, sorghum and maize gave higher yields under irrigation. The rainfed crops extracted different amounts of stored soil water, ranging from 100 mm for IR 36 to 250 mm for groundnut. The different amounts were associated with different growth durations, rooting depths and rates of soil water depletion from within the root zone. Biological productivity of the 6 rainfed crops with the C3 photosynthetic pathway was linearly related to transpiration, which was estimated from soil water extraction and soil evaporation. Biological productivity per unit of transpiration for the 2 crops with the C4 pathway was 2.2 times higher than for those with the C3 pathway. The different seed yields of the rainfed crops were due to differences in harvest index and the chemical composition of seeds, as well as to biological productivity. The results are discussed in relation to the potential for growing dryland crops after rice in rice-based cropping systems.