Development and potential of genetically engineered viral insecticides.
Development and potential of genetically engineered viral insecticides.
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基因工程病毒杀虫剂的发展和潜力。
DOI：
10.1080/02648725.1992.10647895
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hammock,BD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonning,BC;Hammock,BD
杀虫剂的国际市场巨大。在每年200亿美元的全球杀虫剂市场中，生物农药只占不到1%。杆状病毒杀虫剂占其中的0-2%(Jutsum，1988)。使用生物防治制剂的收入相对较少，对工业投资几乎没有激励作用。然而，一系列因素，包括对合成化学杀虫剂抗药性的增加，公众对与食品中的化学物质有关的可能的健康问题的关注，以及对环境污染的担忧，使人们将注意力集中在虫害控制的替代方法上。重组DNA技术的出现为改进已经用作昆虫防治剂的微生物提供了可能性。人们意识到，转基因生物可以申请专利，并用于改善虫害控制，这为工业界提供了必要的激励，以证明新的研发支出是合理的。尽管经典的化学农药在药效、成本和易用性方面都设定了很高的标准，但来自重组DNA技术的早期数据表明，生物农药正在达到这些标准。为了使一个有机体能够接受基因操作，必须充分了解遗传学，必须存在将新DNA引入该有机体基因组的方法，并且必须能够快速培育该有机体。在提高杀虫效果方面，由于细菌、病毒和真菌在遗传水平上相对简单，因此最受关注的是它们。
The international market for insecticides is huge. Of the $20 billion annual worldwide market for pesticides, biopesticides make up less than 1%. Baculovirus pesticides account for 0-2% of this (Jutsum, 1988). The relatively small revenues from use of biological control agents has provided little incentive for industrial investment. However, a combination of factors, including increased levels of resistance to synthetic chemical insecticides, public concern over possible health problems associated with chemicals in food, and concern over environmental contamination, have focused attention on alternative means for insect pest control. The advent of recombinant DNA technology provides the potential to improve micro-organisms already in use as insect control agents. The realization that genetically altered organisms can be patented, and used for improved insect control, has provided industry with the incentive needed to justify expenditure on new research and development. Despite the fact that classical chemical pesticides have set a high standard in terms of efficacy, cost and ease of use, early data from use of recombinant DNA techniques indicate that biopesticides are meeting these standards.For an organism to be amenable to genetic manipulation, the genetics must be well understood, the means must exist to introduce new DNA into the genome of that organism and it must be possible to rear the organism rapidly. Most attention, in terms of enhancement of insecticidal efficacy, has been paid to the bacteria, viruses and fungi, due to their relative simplicity at the genetic level.