Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism
Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism
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DOI：
10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.019
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发表时间：
2019-09-27
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Crawford, Jason M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Park, Hyun Bong;Lam, Yick Chong;Crawford, Jason M.
尽管近年来人们越来越多地意识到生物荧光在海洋环境中的广泛性质，但导致这种发光表型的分子的多样性主要限于绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)、GFP样蛋白和荧光脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP)。在本研究中，我们描述了一组以前未被描述的溴化色氨酸-犬尿氨酸小分子代谢物，它们与两种鲨鱼的绿色生物荧光有关，并提供了它们的结构、抗菌和光谱特征。多尺度荧光显微镜研究指导发现了荧光皮肤和非荧光皮肤产生的不同代谢物，以及它们不寻常的导光牙的物种特定结构细节。总体而言，这项研究提供了一个负责海洋生物荧光的小分子家族的详细描述，并打开了与它们在中枢神经系统信号传递、对微生物感染的恢复能力和光保护方面的作用相关的新问题。
Although in recent years there has been an increased awareness of the widespread nature of biofluorescence in the marine environment, the diversity of the molecules responsible for this luminescent phenotype has been mostly limited to green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), GFP-like proteins, and fluorescent fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). In the present study, we describe a previously undescribed group of brominated tryptophan-kynurenine small molecule metabolites responsible for the green biofluorescence in two species of sharks and provide their structural, antimicrobial, and spectral characterization. Multi-scale fluorescence microscopy studies guided the discovery of metabolites that were differentially produced in fluorescent versus non-fluorescent skin, as well as the species-specific structural details of their unusual light-guiding denticles. Overall, this study provides the detailed description of a family of small molecules responsible for marine biofluorescence and opens new questions related to their roles in central nervous system signaling, resilience to microbial infections, and photoprotection.