Factors that influence the volatile organic compound content in human breath
Factors that influence the volatile organic compound content in human breath
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DOI：
10.1088/1752-7163/aa5cc5
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
van Schooten, F. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blanchet, L.;Smolinska, A.;van Schooten, F. J.
背景每一次呼吸都会排出数以千计的内源性和外源性挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。炎症和异常代谢过程影响内源性VOC的水平，其可作为临床诊断和疾病监测的特异性生物标志物。仍然需要解决的重要问题与潜在的混杂因素有关，如性别和年龄以及内源性和外源性因素，如f.i. smoking.方法.本研究的目的是系统地评估内源性和外源性因素对呼出气VOC组成的影响。在目前的研究中，收集了来自荷兰一般人群队列LifeLines队列的1417名成年参与者的呼吸样本，并使用气相色谱-飞行时间-质谱法测量了VOC的总含量。在格罗宁根收集呼吸样本，并立即转移到碳管中。然后将这些样品运送到马斯特里赫特并分批测量。VOCs谱与所有参与者的14个相关特征相关，包括年龄，BMI，吸烟和血细胞计数和代谢参数以及16类药物。结果研究表明，吸烟行为对VOCs的影响很大，年龄、BMI和性别对VOCs的影响较小。在呼吸分析研究中需要控制这些因素。我们在这1417名受试者的队列中没有发现任何证据表明白色血细胞计数、胆固醇或甘油三酯水平对VOC特征有影响。因此，在呼出气研究中可能不必对其进行控制。结论这里使用的志愿者大队列代表了一个独特的机会，以衡量影响一般人群（即最具临床相关性的人群）中VOC特征的因素。经典的临床参数和吸烟习惯显然会影响呼气含量，因此在未来涉及呼气分析的临床研究中应考虑到这一点。
Background. Thousands of endogenous and exogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are excreted in each breath. Inflammatory and deviant metabolic processes affect the level of endogeneous VOCs, which can serve as specific biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring. Important issues that still need to be tackled are related to potential confounding factors like gender and age and endogenous and exogenous factors, like f.i. smoking. Methods. The aim of this study was to systematically access the effect of endogenous and exogenous factors on VOC composition of exhaled breath. In the current study breath samples from 1417 adult participants from the LifeLines cohort, a general population cohort in the Netherlands, were collected and the total content of VOCs was measured using gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Breath samples were collected in Groningen and transferred to carbon tubes immediately. These samples were then shipped to Maastricht and measured in batches. VOCs profiles were correlated to 14 relevant characteristics of all participants including age, BMI, smoking and blood cell counts and metabolic parameters as well as to 16 classes of medications. Results. VOCs profiles were shown to be significantly influenced by smoking behavior and to a lesser extent by age, BMI and gender. These factors need to be controlled for in breath analysis studies. We found no evidence whatsoever in this 1417 subjects' cohort that white blood cell counts, cholesterol or triglycerides levels have an influence on the VOC profile. Thus they may not have to be controlled for in exhaled breath studies. Conclusion. The large cohort of volunteers used here represents a unique opportunity to gauge the factors influencing VOCs profiles in a general population i.e. the most clinically relevant population. Classical clinical parameters and smoking habits clearly influence breath content and should therefore be accounted for in future clinical studies involving breath analysis.