Causes of death in the Kasekela chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Causes of death in the Kasekela chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1002/ajp.20573
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Pusey, A. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, J. M.;Lonsdorf, E. V.;Pusey, A. E.
了解野生黑猩猩种群的死亡率和死亡原因对包括野生动物保护和人类进化在内的各个领域都有重要意义。由于黑猩猩寿命很长，准确的死亡率数据需要非常长期的研究。在这里，我们分析了47年的数据在贡贝国家公园的Kasekela社区。群落规模在38至60之间波动，2006年有60只个体。从220只黑猩猩和130例死亡的记录中，我们发现卡塞克拉社区最重要的死亡原因是疾病（58%的死亡原因已知），其次是种内攻击（20%的死亡原因已知）。以前在其他地点的研究也发现，疾病是死亡的主要原因，一些流行病可以追溯到人类。与其他研究中心一样，大多数因疾病死亡的事件发生在流行病期间，最常见的疾病类别是呼吸道疾病。种内致命的侵略发生在社区内，包括杀害婴儿的男性和女性，并在成年男性在过程中的优势相关的侵略。社区之间的攻击导致Kasekela和Kahama社区至少5名成年男子和2名成年女子死亡。社区间暴力的频率在不同地点和不同时间似乎有很大差异。社区间致命的侵略，涉及Kasekela社区观察到最频繁的两个时期。其他不太常见的死亡原因包括受伤、丧母、产妇残疾和偷猎。
Understanding the rates and causes of mortality in wild chimpanzee populations has important implications for a variety of fields, including wildlife conservation and human evolution. Because chimpanzees are long-lived, accurate mortality data requires very long-term studies. Here, we analyze 47 years of data on the Kasekela community in Gombe National Park. Community size fluctuated between 38 and 60, containing 60 individuals in 2006. From records on 220 chimpanzees and 130 deaths, we found that the most important cause of mortality in the Kasekela community was illness (58% of deaths with known cause), followed by intraspecific aggression (20% of deaths with known cause). Previous studies at other sites also found that illness was the primary cause of mortality and that some epidemic disease could be traced to humans. As at other study sites, most deaths due to illness occurred during epidemics, and the most common category of disease was respiratory. Intraspecific lethal aggression occurred within the community, including the killing of infants by both males and females, and among adult males during the course of dominance-related aggression. Aggression between communities resulted in the deaths of at least five adult males and two adult females in the Kasekela and Kahama communities. The frequency of intercommunity violence appears to vary considerably among sites and over time. Intercommunity lethal aggression involving the Kasekela community was observed most frequently during two periods. Other less common causes of death included injury, loss of mother, maternal disability, and poaching.