Linguistic Models in Narratology: From Structuralism to Generative Semantics
Linguistic Models in Narratology: From Structuralism to Generative Semantics
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叙事学中的语言模型：从结构主义到生成语义学
DOI：
10.1515/semi.1979.28.1-2.127
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marie
离子?生成语义学家所假定的深层结构是否真的达到了话语的意义被完全明确地指定的水平，或者它们仅仅是表征的另一个中间水平？因此，我提出的简化是一种使用生成语义提供的视角的方法，同时避免了它的争议。采用普林斯的定义（1973:23），当第二个事件的开始紧跟着第一个事件的开始时，我将认为一个事件在时间上紧跟着另一个事件。因此，指示时间顺序的连接器可能（如在1中）或可能不（如在2中）暗示第一个事件在第二个事件开始时结束。约翰喝了一杯啤酒。他喝了啤酒后，又喝了一杯威士忌。约翰喝醉了。开始喝醉后，他决定戒酒。一般来说，命题m的第一个参数是有生命的（因此，命题n的参数也是有生命的）。但这不是必要条件。想想这个故事：“马厩很脏。然后，赫拉克勒斯让一条河穿过马厩。结果马厩就干净了。”当选择在m之前引入命题时，m必须通过一个指示时间顺序、同时性或因果关系的谓词与m-1联系起来（见规则13）。因此，图2中的m应该更恰当地表示如下所示，规则3应该是：“包含事件m的命题m部分的最高谓词必须具有[4静态]或[4心理操作]特征。”
ion? Do the deep structures posited by generative semanticists actually reach the level where the meaning of utterances is entirely and unambiguously specified or are they merely another intermediate level of representation? The simplification I propose is thus a way of using the in sights provided by generative semantics, while staying out of its controversies. 10 Adopting Prince's definition (1973:23), I will consider an event to follow another in time when the beginning of the second event follows the beginning of the first. Thus the connector indicating chronological sequence may (as in 1) or may not (as in 2) imply that the first event is over when the second begins. (1) John drank a beer. Then (= after he drank a beer) he drank a whisky. (2) John was drunk. Then (=after the beginning of his being drunk) he decided to stop drinking. 11 Generally the first argument of proposition m is animate (and consequently an argument of n is also animate). But this is not a necessary condition. Consider the story: 'The stables were dirty. Then Hercules ran a river through the stables. Then as a result the stables were clean." 12 When the option of introducing propositions before m is used, m must be linked to m-1 by a predicate indicating chronological sequence, simultaneity or causation (see rule 13). Thus on Figure 2 m should be more properly represented as shown below, and rule 3 should read: "The highest predicate of the part of proposition m that contains event m must have either a [4stative] or a [4mental operation] feature."