CPR sampling: the technical background, materials and methods, consistency and comparability
CPR sampling: the technical background, materials and methods, consistency and comparability
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pocean.2003.08.004
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Walne, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Batten, SD;Clark, R;Walne, A
连续浮游生物记录仪已经部署了70年。虽然对这台机器的改动相对较小，但拖行速度一直在稳步增加，因此需要量化这可能对其采样特性产生的影响。此外，由于CPR数据库是世界上最长和地理范围最广的生物时间序列之一，科学家目前正专注于了解气候引起的生态变化，因此量化采样性能并将CPR数据与其他浮游生物采样器收集的数据联系起来的压力越来越大。在危机预防和复原调查的几十年中，对许多这些一致性和可比性问题进行了调查。本研究报告的主要目的是汇总这些调查的结果，并酌情予以更新或整合。第二个目的是利用常驻代表委员会数据库解决以前未审查的其他问题。我们表明，拖的速度的增加没有影响的采样深度和机械效率的内部机制，但在最高的拖速有一些证据表明，流量可能会减少。拖曳深度也可能取决于运行特定航线的船舶。我们描述了用于确保分析一致性的处理程序，并详细说明了在调查过程中发生的分类分辨率的变化。一些一致性问题仍未解决，例如增加重型仪器对CPR在水中的姿态的影响以及对采样性能的可能影响。通过增加流量计，现在已经量化了由过滤网堵塞引起的流量减少，并且现在可以校准每个CPR样本的测量或导出的过滤体积。虽然大面积的丰度估计数已被证明不受重新校准的影响，但浮游生物丰度的绝对量化是必要的，以便能够与其他采样装置进行比较。现已进行了几项研究，将用CPR获得的浮游生物丰度与在欧洲大陆架特定地点用垂直网获得的浮游生物丰度进行比较。虽然CPR的渔获量几乎总是较低，但每次比较都重复了季节性周期，年际变化在时间序列之间一般是一致的。每种装置对个别鱼种的相对捕获率似乎是一致的，这可能是因为生物体的行为和取样装置的属性。我们现在能够制定校准系数，将CPR渔获量转换为绝对丰度，可酌情与其他数据集结合，这应能提高CPR数据的适用性和实用性。(C)2003爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The Continuous Plankton Recorder has been deployed for 70 years. Although modifications to the machine have been relatively minor, there has been a steady increase in the speed at which it is towed, creating a need to quantify what effects this may have had on its sampling characteristics. Additionally, because the CPR database is one of the longest and most geographically extensive biological time series in the world, and scientists are currently focusing on gaining understanding about climate-induced ecological changes, there is increasing pressure to quantify the sampling performance and relate the CPR data to data collected by other plankton samplers. Many of these issues of consistency and comparability have been investigated throughout the decades of the CPR survey. The primary aim of this study is to draw together the results of those investigations, updating or integrating them where applicable. A secondary aim is to use the CPR database to address other previously unexamined issues. We show that the increase in speed of tow has had no effect on the depth of sampling and the mechanical efficiency of the internal mechanism, but that at the highest tow speeds there is some evidence that flow may be reduced. Depth of tow may also be dependent on the ship operating a particular route. We describe the processing procedures used to ensure consistency of analysis and detail the changes in taxonomic resolution that have occurred through the course of the survey. Some consistency issues remain unresolved, such as the effects of adding heavy instrumentation to the attitude of the CPR in the water and possible effects on sampling performance. The reduction of flow caused by clogging of the filtering mesh has now been quantified through the addition of flowmeters and each CPR sample can now be calibrated for measured, or derived, filtered volume. Although estimates of abundances for large areas have been shown to be unaffected by recalibration, absolute quantification of plankton abundance is necessary to enable comparisons with other sampling devices. Several studies have now been undertaken that compare plankton abundances obtained with the CPR with those obtained using vertical nets at specific locations on the European continental shelf. Although catches by the CPR are almost always lower, seasonal cycles are replicated in each comparison, and interannual variability generally agrees between time series. The relative catch rates for an individual species by each device appear to be consistent, probably because of the organisms' behaviour and attributes of the sampling device. We are now able to develop calibration factors to convert CPR catches to absolute abundances that can be integrated with other data sets where appropriate, which should increase the applicability and utility of CPR data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.