Taking control of reflexive social attention
Taking control of reflexive social attention
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2004.04.005
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kingstone, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ristic, J;Kingstone, A
注意力会反射性地转移到其他人正在看的地方。许多研究者认为，这种社会注意力效应反映了下颞叶（IT）皮层内专门用于处理面部和凝视信息的特定领域模块的强制性自下而上激活。然而，它也是自上而下的因素可以调节IT细胞的激活的情况。在这里，我们研究行为是否反射性的社会定向是纯粹自动的或敏感的自上而下的调制。参与者看到一个模糊的刺激，可以被视为代表眼睛或汽车。在实验一中，我们证明了组之间的自动转移的注意力，相当于一个示意性的脸触发，发生只有当刺激被称为拥有眼睛。在实验2中，所有参与者都接受了EYES和CAR条件。当刺激首先被称为汽车，然后被称为眼睛时，注意力转移只存在于眼睛条件下。然而，当刺激首先被称为拥有眼睛，然后被称为CAR时，在两种情况下都观察到了注意力转移。这些数据表明，反射性社会注意效应的出现是由自上而下的机制，但在一个不对称的方式。自上而下的过程似乎是有效的触发IT参与，即感知刺激作为一个面孔，产生的社会注意力效应。但是，一旦IT参与被触发，自上而下的机制就无效了。也就是说，一旦刺激被视为有眼睛，它就会继续被视为有眼睛，因此，社会注意力效应持续存在。(C)2004 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
Attention is shifted reflexively to where other people are looking. It has been argued by a number of investigators that this social attention effect reflects the obligatory bottom-up activation of domain-specific modules within the inferior temporal (IT) cortex that are specialized for processing face and gaze information. However, it is also the case that top-down factors may modulate the activation of IT cells. Here we examined behaviorally whether reflexive social orienting is purely automatic or sensitive to top-down modulation. Participants were shown an ambiguous stimulus that could be perceived either as representing EYES or a CAR. In Experiment I we demonstrated between groups that an automatic shift of attention, equivalent to that triggered by a schematic FACE, occurred only when the stimulus was referred to as possessing EYES. In Experiment 2 all participants received the EYES and CAR conditions. When the stimulus was first referred to as a CAR and then as EYES, an attentional shift was only present for the EYES condition. However, when the stimulus was first referred to as possessing EYES, and then later as a CAR, attentional shifts were observed for both conditions. These data indicate that the emergence of a reflexive social attention effect is influenced by top-down mechanisms but in an asymmetrical manner. Top-down processes appear to be effective for triggering IT involvement, that is, for perceiving a stimulus as a face, which produces the social attention effect. But top-down mechanisms are ineffective once IT involvement has been triggered. That is, once a stimulus has been seen as having eyes, it continues to be seen that way, and accordingly, the social attention effect persists. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.