LSU Digital Commons LSU Digital Commons Challenges during diapause and anhydrobiosis: Mitochondrial Challenges during diapause and anhydrobiosis: Mitochondrial bioenergetics and desiccation tolerance bioenergetics and desiccation tolerance
LSU Digital Commons LSU Digital Commons Challenges during diapause and anhydrobiosis: Mitochondrial Challenges during diapause and anhydrobiosis: Mitochondrial bioenergetics and desiccation tolerance bioenergetics and desiccation tolerance
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路易斯安那州立大学数字共享 路易斯安那州立大学数字共享 滞育和缺水期间的挑战：线粒体 滞育和缺水期间的挑战：线粒体生物能学和干燥耐受性 生物能学和干燥耐受性
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通讯作者：
Chuman Ma
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作者：
Chuman Ma
In preparation for the onset of environmental challenges like overwintering, food limitation, anoxia, or water stress, many invertebrates and certain killi fi sh enter diapause. Diapause is a developmentally-programed dormancy characterized by suppression of development and metabolism. For embryos of Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp), the metabolic arrest is profound. These gastrula-stage embryos depress oxidative metabolism by ~99% during diapause and survive years of severe desiccation in a state termed anhydrobiosis. Trehalose is the sole fuel source for this developmental stage. Mitochondrial function during diapause is downregulated primarily by restricting substrate supply, as a result of inhibiting key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Because proton conductance across the inner membrane is not decreased during diapause, the inference is that membrane potential must be compromised. In the absence of any intervention, the possibil-ity exists that the F 1 F o ATP synthase and the adenine nucleotide translocator may reverse, leading to wholesale hydrolysis of cellular ATP. Studies with anhydrobiotes like A. franciscana are revealing multiple traits useful for improving desiccation tolerance that include the expression and accumulation late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins and trehalose. LEA proteins are intrinsically disordered in aqueous solution but gain secondary structure (predominantly α -helix) as water is removed. These protective agents stabilize biological structures including lipid bilayers and mitochondria during severe water stress. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(12):1251 – 1259, 2018
