The ability for cocaine and cocaine-associated cues to compete for attention.
The ability for cocaine and cocaine-associated cues to compete for attention.
复制标题
可卡因和可卡因相关线索争夺注意力的能力。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.024
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Sarter M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pitchers KK;Wood TR;Skrzynski CJ;Robinson TE;Sarter M
在人类中，奖励线索，包括吸毒者的毒品线索，在将注意力偏向他们方面特别有效，以至于它们可以扰乱正在进行的任务表现。然而，目前还不清楚这种情况是否发生在老鼠身上。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个行为范式来评估听觉药物(可卡因)线索诱发可卡因寻找行为的能力，从而分散口渴的大鼠执行良好学习的持续注意任务(SAT)以获得水奖励的能力。首先，确定听觉可卡因线索(Tone-CS)在手势追踪器(STS)和目标追踪器(GT)中恢复药物寻找的作用是相同的，否则这两种追踪器将激励突显归因于可本地化药物线索的倾向不同。接下来，我们测试了可卡因听觉线索在STS和GTS中扰乱SAT成绩的能力。训练大鼠静脉注射可卡因，使用一种间歇给药的自我给药程序，已知这种程序会逐渐增加对可卡因的动机，增加摄入量，并对寻求毒品的行为进行强烈的歧视性刺激控制。当单独呈现时，听觉辨别性刺激在大鼠进行SAT时引发了寻找可卡因的行为，但它不足以破坏SAT的表现。相反，如果在线索存在的情况下有可卡因可用，或者在非偶然情况下给药，SAT成绩会严重中断。我们认为，在一项相对自动的、受刺激驱动的任务中的表现，比如这里使用的基本版本的SAT，可能很难仅靠药物线索来干扰。这项任务可能需要更多自上而下的认知控制。
In humans, reward cues, including drug cues in addicts, are especially effective in biasing attention towards them, so much so they can disrupt ongoing task performance. It is not known, however, whether this happens in rats. To address this question, we developed a behavioral paradigm to assess the capacity of an auditory drug (cocaine) cue to evoke cocaine-seeking behavior, thus distracting thirsty rats from performing a well-learned sustained attention task (SAT) to obtain a water reward. First, it was determined that an auditory cocaine cue (tone-CS) reinstated drug-seeking equally in sign-trackers (STs) and goal-trackers (GTs), which otherwise vary in the propensity to attribute incentive salience to a localizable drug cue. Next, we tested the ability of an auditory cocaine cue to disrupt performance on the SAT in STs and GTs. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine intravenously using an Intermittent Access self-administration procedure known to produce a progressive increase in motivation for cocaine, escalation of intake, and strong discriminative stimulus control over drug-seeking behavior. When presented alone, the auditory discriminative stimulus elicited cocaine-seeking behavior while rats were performing the SAT, but it was not sufficiently disruptive to impair SAT performance. In contrast, if cocaine was available in the presence of the cue, or when administered non-contingently, SAT performance was severely disrupted. We suggest that performance on a relatively automatic, stimulus-driven task, such as the basic version of the SAT used here, may be difficult to disrupt with a drug cue alone. A task that requires more top-down cognitive control may be needed.