CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Acromegaly and Cancer: Not a Problem?

CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Acromegaly and Cancer: Not a Problem?
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临床观点:肢端肥大症和癌症:不是问题吗?

DOI:
10.1210/jcem.86.7.7635
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发表时间:
2001
期刊:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
S. Melmed
S. Melmed
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
S. Melmed

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肢端肥大症通常是由分泌 GH 的垂体腺瘤引起的。 GH 分泌不受限制以及胰岛素样生长因子 (IGF)-I 和 IGF-结合蛋白 (IGFBP)-3 水平升高后会出现体细胞生长和代谢功能障碍 (1)(图 1)。肢端肥大症的典型临床特征包括肢端过度生长、出汗、头痛、月经失调和葡萄糖耐受不良(表 1)(2)。有据可查的长期组织暴露于不受控制的 GH 分泌过多的临床风险包括心脏病和高血压、糖尿病、呼吸系统疾病、关节疾病和神经病变(表 2)(3)。这些患者的恶性肿瘤风险程度尚未确定;肢端肥大症代表了一项自然实验,可以回答这样的问题:GH 和 IGF 水平升高是否为肿瘤提供了有利的生长优势,从而导致更具侵袭性的恶性疾病和/或增加癌症相关死亡率 (4)。对肢端肥大症死亡结果决定因素的分析表明,大约 60% 的患者死于心血管疾病; 25%来自呼吸道疾病; 15% 的患者死于恶性肿瘤(表 2)。然而,无论死因如何,绝对循环 GH 值似乎构成了生存最重要的单一决定因素 (5-14)。最近的几项引人注目的研究支持 GH 的关键作用,表明 GH 控制与不良死亡率的逆转相关,无论相关合并症的性质如何 (13)。因此,在口服葡萄糖耐量试验期间将 GH 抑制至低于 1 ng/mL 以及 IGF-I 水平正常化预示着良好的死亡率结果 (15)。
Acromegaly is usually caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Somatic growth and metabolic dysfunction occur subsequent to unrestrained GH secretion and elevated insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels (1) (Fig 1). Classic clinical features of acromegaly include acral overgrowth, sweating, headaches, menstrual disturbances, and glucose intolerance (Table 1) (2). Well-documented clinical risks of long-term tissue exposure to uncontrolled GH hypersecretion include cardiac disease and hypertension, diabetes, respiratory disorders, joint disease, and neuropathy (Table 2) (3). The degree of risk for malignancy in these patients is unresolved; and acromegaly, representing an experiment of nature, could answer the question of whether or not elevated GH and IGF levels provide a permissive growth advantage for neoplasms, resulting in more aggressive malignant disease and/or increased cancer-associated mortality (4). Analysis of the determinants for mortality outcome in acromegaly indicates that approximately 60% of patients succumb to cardiovascular disease; 25% from respiratory disease; and in 15% of patients, the cause of death is attributed to malignancy (Table 2). Nevertheless, absolute circulating GH values seem to constitute the most significant single determinant of survival, regardless of the cause of death (5–14). Several recent compelling studies support the critical role of GH, suggesting that GH control is associated with reversal of adverse mortality rates, regardless of the nature of associated comorbidity (13). Thus, suppression of GH to less than 1 ng/mL, during an oral glucose tolerance test, and normalization of IGF-I levels portend a favorable mortality outcome (15).
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发表时间: 1997-02-01
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影响因子: 29.4
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