Salivaomics: The current scenario.
Salivaomics: The current scenario.
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DOI：
10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_171_18
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shah, Sonalee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shah, Sonalee
几代人以来，血液一直是诊断大多数疾病和病症的首选媒介。究其原因，主要是技术的局限性。口腔诊断的概念比更具侵入性的方法更受欢迎。近年来，很明显，唾液成分响应于某些疾病状态而变得可检测地改变。即便如此，最令人印象深刻的是，唾液生物标志物不仅与口腔疾病相关，而且与远端组织和器官相关。这表明，口腔液可能代表了大量的分子和微生物信息库，能够在整个身体内传达疾病的发作或存在。国家牙科和颅面研究所的一项倡议创建了一个实现这些目标的路线图，通过使用口腔液体作为诊断介质，可以仔细检查患者的健康和/或疾病状态。唾液分析应用的真实的前景是患者或临床医生能够直接和连续地评估疾病状态、进展和治疗效果。灵敏度分析甚至可以进行症状前诊断。唾液中有五种主要的诊断字母表，即蛋白质、信使RNA、微RNA（mi-RNA）、代谢化合物和微生物，它们为唾液诊断提供了实质性的优势，因为疾病的状态可能与一个但不是所有维度的可检测变化相关。最近，唾液组学知识库（SKB）已经通过比对唾液生物标志物发现而建立。SKB由数据库、管理系统和网络资源组成，用于支持人类唾液蛋白质组学、转录组学、miRNA、代谢组学和微生物组学研究。
For generations, blood has been the medium of choice for diagnosing most diseases and conditions. The reason for this is mainly the limitations of technology. The concept of oral diagnostics is preferred to more invasive methods. In recent years, it has become evident that the salivary constituents become detectably altered in response to certain disease states. Even so, what is most impressive is that salivary biomarkers not only arise in correlation with oral disorders but also those of distal tissues and organs. This suggests that oral fluids may represent a substantial reservoir of molecular and microbial information capable of communicating the onset or presence of disease throughout the body. An initiative of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research created a roadmap to achieve these goals whereby, with the use of oral fluids as the diagnostic medium, it would become possible to scrutinize the health and/or disease status of patients. The real promise of salivary analysis use is the ability of the patient or clinician to directly and continuously assess disease status, progression and therapeutic efficacy. The sensitive analysis may even allow presymptomatic diagnosis. There are five major diagnostic alphabets available in saliva namely, proteins, messenger RNAs, micro-RNAs (mi-RNAs), metabolic compounds and microbes which offer substantial advantages for salivary diagnostics because, the state of the disease may be associated with detectable changes in one, but not all, dimensions. Recently, the Salivaomics Knowledge Base (SKB) has been established by aligning the salivary biomarker discovery. The SKB constitutes data repository, management system and web resource fabricated to support human salivary proteomics, transcriptomics, miRNA, metabolomics and microbiome research.