Role of Macrophages and Related Cytokines in Kidney Disease.
Role of Macrophages and Related Cytokines in Kidney Disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmed.2021.688060
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Ruiz-Ortega M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cantero-Navarro E;Rayego-Mateos S;Orejudo M;Tejedor-Santamaria L;Tejera-Muñoz A;Sanz AB;Marquez-Exposito L;Marchant V;Santos-Sanchez L;Egido J;Ortiz A;Bellon T;Rodrigues-Diez RR;Ruiz-Ortega M
炎症是肾脏疾病的一个关键特征，但这种免疫反应是两面性的。在肾损伤的急性期，免疫细胞被激活以对抗损伤，有助于肾修复和再生。然而，在慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）中，浸润肾脏的免疫细胞发挥有害作用，积极参与疾病进展，并导致肾单位损失和纤维化。重要的是，CKD是一种慢性炎症性疾病。在早期CKD阶段，患者存在亚临床炎症，免疫循环细胞活化，因此，抗炎策略已被提出作为肾脏疾病的常见治疗靶点。最近的研究强调了免疫细胞的可塑性及其功能的复杂性。在免疫细胞中，单核细胞/巨噬细胞在肾损伤的所有步骤中发挥重要作用。然而，人和小鼠免疫细胞的表型表征显示不同的标志物，因此小鼠实验研究的外推不能反映人类肾脏疾病。在这里，我们将审查目前的信息，不同的巨噬细胞表型的特点，主要集中在巨噬细胞相关的细胞因子，特别注意趋化因子CCL 18，其小鼠功能同系物CCL 8，和巨噬细胞标志物CD 163，以及它们在肾脏病理中的作用。
Inflammation is a key characteristic of kidney disease, but this immune response is two-faced. In the acute phase of kidney injury, there is an activation of the immune cells to fight against the insult, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration. However, in chronic kidney diseases (CKD), immune cells that infiltrate the kidney play a deleterious role, actively participating in disease progression, and contributing to nephron loss and fibrosis. Importantly, CKD is a chronic inflammatory disease. In early CKD stages, patients present sub-clinical inflammation, activation of immune circulating cells and therefore, anti-inflammatory strategies have been proposed as a common therapeutic target for renal diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the plasticity of immune cells and the complexity of their functions. Among immune cells, monocytes/macrophages play an important role in all steps of kidney injury. However, the phenotype characterization between human and mice immune cells showed different markers; therefore the extrapolation of experimental studies in mice could not reflect human renal diseases. Here we will review the current information about the characteristics of different macrophage phenotypes, mainly focused on macrophage-related cytokines, with special attention to the chemokine CCL18, and its murine functional homolog CCL8, and the macrophage marker CD163, and their role in kidney pathology.