Wastewater Disposal Wells, Fracking, and Environmental Injustice in Southern Texas
Wastewater Disposal Wells, Fracking, and Environmental Injustice in Southern Texas
复制标题
DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2015.303000
复制
发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Sebastian, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnston, Jill E.;Werder, Emily;Sebastian, Daniel
目标。调查允许使用石油和天然气废水处理井的地区的种族和贫困情况，这些井用于永久注入水力压裂作业的废水。方法。我们利用 2007 年至 2014 年德克萨斯州南部的一个密集水力压裂地区 Eagle Ford 地区允许的石油和天然气处理井的位置数据，分析了居住在距离处理井不到 5 公里和更远的居民的种族构成，并使用泊松回归对农村地区和贫困进行了调整。结果。居住在距离处理井不到 5 公里的地方的有色人种比例是非西班牙裔白人比例的 1.3 倍。根据农村地区进行调整后，有色人种占 80% 或以上的地区的污水处理井数量是白人占多数的地区的 2.04 倍（95% 置信区间 = 2.02, 2.06）。处置井也不成比例地位于高度贫困地区。结论。德克萨斯州南部有色人种和贫困居民比例较高的地区不成比例地允许设置废水处理井，这种模式被称为“环境不公正”。
Objectives. To investigate race and poverty in areas where oil and gas wastewater disposal wells, which are used to permanently inject wastewater from hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations, are permitted.Methods. With location data of oil and gas disposal wells permitted between 2007 and 2014 in the Eagle Ford area, a region of intensive fracking in southern Texas, we analyzed the racial composition of residents living less than 5 kilometers from a disposal well and those farther away, adjusting for rurality and poverty, using a Poisson regression.Results. The proportion of people of color living less than 5 kilometers from a disposal well was 1.3 times higher than was the proportion of non-Hispanic Whites. Adjusting for rurality, disposal wells were 2.04 times (95% confidence interval = 2.02, 2.06) as common in areas with 80% people of color or more than in majority White areas. Disposal wells are also disproportionately sited in high-poverty areas.Conclusions. Wastewater disposal wells in southern Texas are disproportionately permitted in areas with higher proportions of people of color and residents living in poverty, a pattern known as "environmental injustice."