Tempo and mode of gene expression evolution in the brain across primates
Tempo and mode of gene expression evolution in the brain across primates
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DOI：
10.1101/2021.04.21.440670
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发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Katherine Rickelton;Trisha M. Zintel;Jason Pizzollo;Emily Miller;J. Ely;M. Raghanti;W. Hopkins;P. Hof;C. Sherwood;A. Bauernfeind;C. Babbitt
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文献类型：
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作者：
Katherine Rickelton;Trisha M. Zintel;Jason Pizzollo;Emily Miller;J. Ely;M. Raghanti;W. Hopkins;P. Hof;C. Sherwood;A. Bauernfeind;C. Babbitt
灵长类动物的进化导致了物种之间行为专业化和明显的大脑大小变化的显着多样性1，2。基因表达为研究大脑进化的分子基础提供了一个有希望的机会，但迄今为止，它已在极少数灵长类动物物种中进行了探索，例如3，4。为了了解灵长类动物谱系中基因表达进化的景观，我们生成并分析了来自前所未有的18个物种的四个大脑区域的RNA-Seq数据。在这里，我们显示了一个显着水平的基因表达的变化之间的原始人类物种，包括人类和黑猩猩，尽管他们相对最近的分歧时间从其他灵长类动物。我们发现，单个基因在进化过程中表现出广泛的表达动态，反映了灵长类动物脑组织中作用于基因的不同选择压力。使用我们的样本，代表了灵长类动物大脑大小前所未有的190倍差异，我们确定了与大脑大小最相关的表达变异基因，并发现了几个在其调控区域具有正选择信号的基因。我们的研究广泛拓宽了灵长类动物大脑分子进化的背景，并确定了新的候选基因，用于研究大脑发育和进化的遗传调控。
Primate evolution has led to a remarkable diversity of behavioral specializations and pronounced brain size variation among species 1,2. Gene expression provides a promising opportunity for studying the molecular basis of brain evolution, but it has been explored in very few primate species to date e.g. 3,4. To understand the landscape of gene expression evolution across the primate lineage, we generated and analyzed RNA-Seq data from four brain regions in an unprecedented eighteen species. Here we show a remarkable level of variation in gene expression among hominid species, including humans and chimpanzees, despite their relatively recent divergence time from other primates. We found that individual genes display a wide range of expression dynamics across evolutionary time reflective of the diverse selection pressures acting on genes within primate brain tissue. Using our sample that represents an unprecedented 190-fold difference in primate brain size, we identified genes with variation in expression most correlated with brain size and found several with signals of positive selection in their regulatory regions. Our study extensively broadens the context of what is known about the molecular evolution of the brain across primates and identifies novel candidate genes for study of genetic regulation of brain development and evolution.