Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescence: A 4-year longitudinal study
Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescence: A 4-year longitudinal study
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DOI：
10.1080/01650250344000235
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Barker, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galambos, N;Leadbeater, B;Barker, E
本研究使用 12 至 19 岁青少年（1994 年）的纵向数据（N=1322；648 名男性，674 名女性）来调查抑郁症状和重度抑郁发作 (MDE) 的性别差异和危险因素。该样本参加了三轮加拿大全国人口健康调查（1994 年、1996 年和 1998 年）。结果显示，尽管青春期早期抑郁症状的增加没有统计学意义，但抑郁症状水平和 MDE 患病率存在显着的性别差异，女孩比男孩受影响更大。随着时间的推移，社会支持的减少和吸烟的增加都与抑郁症状的增加有关。此外，1994 年吸烟且未患重度抑郁症的青少年在 1996 年或 1998 年报告患 MDE 的可能性是其他人的 1.4 倍。为了有效，抑郁症的预防和治疗计划可能还需要解决社会支持不良和吸烟等风险，因为这些风险因素可能会随着时间的推移维持抑郁症状。
The current study used longitudinal data (N=1322; 648 males, 674 females) from adolescents ages 12 to 19 years (in 1994) to investigate gender differences in and risk factors for depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes (MDEs). The sample had participated in three waves of Canada's National Population Health Survey (1994, 1996, and 1998). Results showed that although there was not a statistically significant increase in depressive symptoms in early adolescence, there was a robust gender difference in the levels of depressive symptoms and the prevalence of MDE, with girls more affected than boys. Over time, decreases in social support and increases in smoking were both linked to increases in depressive symptoms. Moreover, youth who smoked and who were free from major depression in 1994 were 1.4 times more likely to report a MDE in 1996 or 1998. To be effective, prevention and treatment programmes for depression may also need to address risks such as poor social support and smoking, as these risk factors may serve to maintain depressive symptoms over time.