Effects of unconditioned and conditioned social defeat on alcohol self-administration and reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats
Effects of unconditioned and conditioned social defeat on alcohol self-administration and reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-005-0194-1
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Lê, AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Funk, D;Harding, S;Lê, AD
理由和目标：我们和其他人已经证明，实验室研究中常用的一种压力源——间歇性足部电击——可以在大鼠复发模型中恢复对酒精的渴求。尚未研究更多与行为学相关的应激源对恢复的影响。在这里，我们描述了社交失败（自然压力源）或与失败经历相关的线索对恢复酗酒的影响。我们还研究了无条件和有条件的社交失败对酒精自我管理的影响。方法：训练大鼠自我饮酒（12% w/v，每天 1 小时(-1)），在稳定反应后，一组动物在每日自我饮酒之前接受五次社交失败和薄荷气味的暴露。再进行三次自我给药后，这些大鼠接受了薄荷气味提示对自我给药的影响测试。在另一组老鼠中，研究了每天三次暴露于社交失败和薄荷气味对反应消失的影响。在进一步的灭绝过程之后，在这些动物身上测试了气味提示对恢复的影响。在另一组动物中研究了社会失败对恢复的严重影响。结果：急性暴露于社交失败会减少酒精的自我管理，降低消退期间的反应率，并且不会恢复对酒精的渴求。暴露于先前与社交失败相结合的离散气味提示会减少酒精的自我管理，但会导致适度恢复酒精寻求。结论：结果首次证明了通过与社交失败相结合的线索来恢复对酒精的寻求，并且也与之前关于社交失败压力对酒精自我管理的抑制作用的研究结果一致。
Rationale and objectivies: We and others have shown that a stressor commonly used in laboratory studies, intermittent footshock, reinstates alcohol seeking in a rat relapse model. The effects of more ethologically relevant stressors on reinstatement have not been examined. Here, we characterized the effects of social defeat (a naturalistic stressor) or a cue associated with the defeat experience on reinstatement of alcohol seeking. We also examined the effect of unconditioned and conditioned social defeat on alcohol self-administration. Methods: Rats were trained to self-administer alcohol (12% w/v, 1 h day(-1)), and after stable responding, one group of animals received five exposures to social defeat paired with peppermint odor prior to daily self-administration sessions. After three more self-administration sessions, these rats were tested for the effects of the peppermint odor cue on self-administration. In another group of rats, the effects of three daily exposures to social defeat paired with peppermint odor on extinction of responding were examined. After further extinction sessions, the effect of the odor cue on reinstatement was tested in these animals. The acute effect of social defeat on reinstatement was examined in another group of animals. Results: Acute exposure to social defeat decreased alcohol self-administration, reduced rates of responding during extinction, and did not reinstate alcohol seeking. Exposure to a discrete odor cue previously paired with social defeat decreased alcohol self-administration but induced modest reinstatement of alcohol seeking. Conclusions: Results provide the first demonstration of reinstatement of alcohol seeking by a cue paired with social defeat and are also in agreement with previous findings on the suppressive effect of social defeat stress on alcohol self-administration.