Critical role of activated protein C in early coagulopathy and later organ failure, infection and death in trauma patients.
Critical role of activated protein C in early coagulopathy and later organ failure, infection and death in trauma patients.
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DOI：
10.1097/sla.0b013e318235d9e6
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Pittet JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen MJ;Call M;Nelson M;Calfee CS;Esmon CT;Brohi K;Pittet JF
Recent studies have identified an acute traumatic coagulopathy that is present on admission to the hospital and is independent of iatrogenic causes. We have previously reported that this coagulopathy is due to the association of severe injury and shock and is characterized by a decrease in plasma protein C levels. Whether this early coagulopathy and later propensity to infection, MOF and mortality are associated with the activation of protein C pathway has not been demonstrated and constitutes the aim of this study. This was a prospective cohort study of 203 major trauma patients. Serial blood samples were drawn on arrival in the ED, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after admission to the hospital. PT, PTT, Va, VIIIa, PC aPC t-PA and D-Dimer levels were assayed. Comprehensive injury, resuscitation and outcome data were prospectively collected. A total of 203 patients were enrolled. Patients with tissue hypoperfusion and severe traumatic injury showed a strong activation of the protein C which was associated with a coagulopathy characterized by inactivation of the coagulation factors V and VIII and a derepression of the fibrinolysis with high plasma levels of plasminogen activator and high D-dimers. Elevated plasma levels of activated protein C were significantly associated with increased mortality, organ injury, increased blood transfusion requirements, and reduced ICU ventilator-free days. Finally early depletion of protein C after trauma is associated with a propensity to post-traumatic ventilator-associated pneumonia. Acute traumatic coagulopathy occurs in the presence of tissue hypoperfusion and severe traumatic injury and is mediated by activation of the protein C pathway. Higher plasma levels of aPC upon admission are predictive of poor clinical outcomes following major trauma. After activation, patients who fail to recover physiologic plasma values of protein C have an increased propensity to later nosocomial lung infection.
