RAINFOREST CONIFERS OF EOCENE PATAGONIA: ATTACHED CONES AND FOLIAGE OF THE EXTANT SOUTHEAST ASIAN AND AUSTRALASIAN GENUS DACRYCARPUS (PODOCARPACEAE)
RAINFOREST CONIFERS OF EOCENE PATAGONIA: ATTACHED CONES AND FOLIAGE OF THE EXTANT SOUTHEAST ASIAN AND AUSTRALASIAN GENUS DACRYCARPUS (PODOCARPACEAE)
复制标题
DOI：
10.3732/ajb.1100367
复制
发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Wilf, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilf, Peter
研究前提：阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚的拉古纳德尔亨科（Laguna del Hunco，约52.2 Ma）和里约热内卢Pichileufu （RP，约47.7 Ma）始新世破火山口湖床为冈瓦纳生物史提供了丰富的信息。来自这些遗址的几个植物属被认为是来自澳大利亚南部和新西兰的化石，只存在于澳大利亚的热带雨林中。Dacrycarpus （podocarpacae）的潜在存在引起了人们极大的兴趣，因为它在冈瓦纳有广泛的叶子化石记录，它在东南亚和澳大利亚热带雨林中有非常广泛的现代分布，它的高生理水分需求，以及它的鸟类传播种子。然而，在化石记录中，以前并没有发现这种独特的种子球果。方法：描述和解释了竹属植物的肥沃（LH）和营养（LH和RP）物质，并对来自南美洲的化石竹属植物进行了命名修订。关键结果：Dacrycarpus puertae sp. 11 .是第一个在化石上发现的不寻常的种子球果，具有典型的活的Dacrycarpus，附着在特征的叶子上，以及附着的Dacrycarpus花粉球果和叶子。石竹与现存的石竹难以区分（缅甸山区至斐济）。毛猴梳。11月为智利始新世植物物质。结论：现代形态的Dacrycarpus存在于始新世的巴塔哥尼亚，显示了惊人的广泛的古地理历史，并暗示了与鸟类分散者的长期进化关系。Dacrycarpus puertae为始新世巴塔哥尼亚植物群提供了第一个重要的亚洲联系，加强了温暖始新世期间从巴塔哥尼亚到澳大拉西亚的生物地理联系，并表明了高降雨的古环境。
Premise of the study: Eocene caldera-lake beds at Laguna del Hunco (LH, ca. 52.2 Ma) and Rio Pichileufu (RP, ca. 47.7 Ma) in Argentine Patagonia provide copious information about the biological history of Gondwana. Several plant genera from these sites are known as fossils from southern Australia and New Zealand and survive only in Australasian rainforests. The potential presence of Dacrycarpus (Podocarpaceae) holds considerable interest due to its extensive foliage-fossil record in Gondwana, its remarkably broad modern distribution in Southeast Asian and Australasian rainforests, its high physiological moisture requirements, and its bird-dispersed seeds. However, the unique seed cones that firmly diagnose Dacrycarpus were not previously known from the fossil record.Methods: I describe and interpret fertile (LH) and vegetative (LH and RP) material of Dacrycarpus and present a nomenclatural revision for fossil Dacrycarpus from South America.Key results: Dacrycarpus puertae sp. nov. is the first fossil occurrence of the unusual seed cones that typify living Dacrycarpus, attached to characteristic foliage, and of attached Dacrycarpus pollen cones and foliage. Dacrycarpus puertae is indistinguishable from living D. imbricatus (montane, Burma to Fiji). Dacrycarpus chilensis (Engelhardt) comb. nov. is proposed for Eocene vegetative material from Chile.Conclusions: Modern-aspect Dacrycarpus was present in Eocene Patagonia, demonstrating an astonishingly wide-ranging paleogeographic history and implying a long evolutionary association with bird dispersers. Dacrycarpus puertae provides the first significant Asian link for Eocene Patagonian floras, strengthens the biogeographic connections from Patagonia to Australasia across Antarctica during the warm Eocene, and indicates high-rainfall paleoenvironments.