300 nights of science with IGRINS at McDonald Observatory
300 nights of science with IGRINS at McDonald Observatory
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在麦克唐纳天文台与 IGRINS 进行 300 个科学之夜
DOI：
10.1117/12.2232780
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Byeong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Mace;Hwihyun Kim;D. Jaffe;Chan Park;Jaejoon Lee;K. Kaplan;Y. Yu;I. Yuk;M. Chun;S. Pak;Kang;Jeong;C. Sneden;M. Afşar;M. Pavel;Hanshin Lee;Heeyoung Oh;Ueejeong Jeong;Sunkyung Park;B. Kidder;Hye;Huynh Anh Nguyen Le;J. McLane;M. Gully;J. Oh;Sungho Lee;N. Hwang;Byeong
浸没式光栅红外光谱仪（IGRINS）是一种革命性的仪器，它在近红外波段以高分辨率利用宽光谱覆盖范围。IGRINS采用硅浸没光栅作为主色散器，体相位全息光栅将H和K波段交叉色散到Teledyne夏威夷-2 RG阵列上。浸没光栅的使用有助于紧凑的低温恒温器，同时提供1.45 - 2.5 μm的同时波长覆盖。IGRINS中没有低温机制，其高通量设计使灵敏度最大化。麦克唐纳天文台的2.7米哈兰J.史密斯望远镜上的IGRINS几乎与8米甚大望远镜上的CRIRES一样灵敏。然而，在一次曝光中，R = 45，000的IGRINS的光谱把握是CRIRES* 的30倍以上。在这里，我们总结了IGRINS自2014年夏季投入使用以来的前300个科学之夜的表现。IGRINS观测者的目标是太阳系天体，如冥王星和谷神星、彗星、附近的年轻恒星、金牛座和蛇夫座等星星形成区、星际介质、光离解区、银河系中心、行星状星云、星系核心和超新星。这些天体丰富的近红外光谱激发了独特的科学案例，并提供了有关仪器性能的信息。IGRINS提交的论文有十多篇，还有几十篇正在编写中。在2.7米望远镜上使用IGRINS，我们在一小时的曝光时间内实现了K=10.3等源的信噪比大于100。虽然IGRINS是卡塞格伦安装，仪器弯曲是亚像素由于紧凑的设计。探测器的特性和稳定性定期进行测试，使我们能够调整仪器的操作，提高科学质量。各种各样的科学计划激发了分析高分辨率光谱的新工具，包括多路复用光谱提取，大气模型拟合，旋转和径向速度，独特的线识别和拱星盘建模。在这里，我们讨论仪器性能的细节，总结早期的科学成果，并展示IGRINS作为多功能近红外光谱仪的特点，以及未来硅浸没光栅光谱仪（如iSHELL 2和GMTNIRS）的先驱。
The Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrometer (IGRINS) is a revolutionary instrument that exploits broad spectral coverage at high-resolution in the near-infrared. IGRINS employs a silicon immersion grating as the primary disperser, and volume-phase holographic gratings cross-disperse the H and K bands onto Teledyne Hawaii-2RG arrays. The use of an immersion grating facilitates a compact cryostat while providing simultaneous wavelength coverage from 1.45 - 2.5 μm. There are no cryogenic mechanisms in IGRINS and its high-throughput design maximizes sensitivity. IGRINS on the 2.7 meter Harlan J. Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory is nearly as sensitive as CRIRES at the 8 meter Very Large Telescope. However, IGRINS at R≈45,000 has more than 30 times the spectral grasp of CRIRES* in a single exposure. Here we summarize the performance of IGRINS from the first 300 nights of science since commissioning in summer 2014. IGRINS observers have targeted solar system objects like Pluto and Ceres, comets, nearby young stars, star forming regions like Taurus and Ophiuchus, the interstellar medium, photo dissociation regions, the Galactic Center, planetary nebulae, galaxy cores and super novae. The rich near-infrared spectra of these objects motivate unique science cases, and provide information on instrument performance. There are more than ten submitted IGRINS papers and dozens more in preparation. With IGRINS on a 2.7m telescope we realize signal-to-noise ratios greater than 100 for K=10.3 magnitude sources in one hour of exposure time. Although IGRINS is Cassegrain mounted, instrument flexure is sub-pixel thanks to the compact design. Detector characteristics and stability have been tested regularly, allowing us to adjust the instrument operation and improve science quality. A wide variety of science programs motivate new tools for analyzing high-resolution spectra including multiplexed spectral extraction, atmospheric model fitting, rotation and radial velocity, unique line identification, and circumstellar disk modeling. Here we discuss details of instrument performance, summarize early science results, and show the characteristics of IGRINS as a versatile near-infrared spectrograph and forerunner of future silicon immersion grating spectrographs like iSHELL2 and GMTNIRS.3