Understanding extranuclear (nongenomic) androgen signaling: what a frog oocyte can tell us about human biology.
Understanding extranuclear (nongenomic) androgen signaling: what a frog oocyte can tell us about human biology.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.steroids.2011.02.016
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发表时间：
2011-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Hammes SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sen A;Prizant H;Hammes SR
类固醇是许多哺乳动物生物系统的关键因素，包括大脑、肾脏、心脏、骨骼和性腺。虽然已经描述了替代的潜在类固醇受体，但大多数生物学相关的类固醇反应似乎是由位于细胞所有部分（从质膜到细胞核）的经典类固醇受体介导的。有趣的是，这些经典的类固醇受体根据它们的位置调节不同的信号。例如，质膜中的受体与膜信号分子相互作用，包括G蛋白和激酶。相反，细胞核中的受体与核信号分子相互作用，包括转录辅助调节因子。这些核内和核内信号以整合的方式一起发挥作用，以调节重要的生物学功能。虽然大多数关于核类固醇信号传导的研究都集中在雌激素上，但最近的工作表明，非基因组雄激素信号传导同样重要，这两种类固醇调节相似的信号传导途径。事实上，通过利用一个简单的模型系统，其中生理相关的雄激素介导的过程完全独立于转录（非洲爪蟾卵母细胞成熟）的调节，许多新的和保守的概念在非基因组类固醇信号转导已被发现和表征。
Steroids are key factors in a myriad of mammalian biological systems, including the brain, kidney, heart, bones, and gonads. While alternative potential steroid receptors have been described, the majority of biologically relevant steroid responses appear to be mediated by classical steroid receptors that are located in all parts of the cell, from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Interestingly, these classical steroid receptors modulate different signals depending upon their location. For example, receptors in the plasma membrane interact with membrane signaling molecules, including G proteins and kinases. In contrast, receptors in the nucleus interact with nuclear signaling molecules, including transcriptional co-regulators. These extranuclear and intranuclear signals function together in an integrated fashion to regulate important biological functions. While most studies on extranuclear steroid signaling have focused on estrogens, recent work has demonstrated that nongenomic androgen signaling is equally important and that these two steroids modulate similar signaling pathways. In fact, by taking advantage of a simple model system whereby a physiologically relevant androgen-mediated process is regulated completely independent of transcription (Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation), many novel and conserved concepts in nongenomic steroid signaling have been uncovered and characterized.