Clutch Size in the Eastern Kingbird: Factors Affecting Nestling Survival
Clutch Size in the Eastern Kingbird: Factors Affecting Nestling Survival
复制标题
东部王鸟的窝大小：影响雏鸟生存的因素
DOI：
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. T. Murphy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. T. Murphy
-使用观测和实验程序评估了孵化大小和天气对东方帝王鸟窝卵大小演变的潜在重要性。模式卵数是三个蛋，但四个一窝的产卵最多。雏鸟大小与窝雏数成反比，4窝雏鸟的“雏鸟质量”低于3窝雏鸟。三窝雏鸟的渐近体重与环境气温直接相关，其次是孵化顺序。由于大型雏鸟是在相对凉爽和潮湿的天气期间喂养的，因此雏鸟大小的影响可能会被天气引起的食物可获得性变化所混淆，这表明从大型雏鸟成功繁殖存活幼崽的能力取决于筑巢期间的天气条件。这些观察结果与其他空中觅食者的模式相吻合，表明温度和降水的不可预测变化极大地影响了成虫喂养幼崽的能力。最大的雏鸟在羽化成功率上有很大的差异，可能会选择较少数量的东方帝王鸟后代。在繁殖努力和双亲生存之间的权衡似乎不是解释东方帝王鸟或其他空中觅食鸟窝卵大小模式的必要条件。1981年11月13日收到，接受11
-Observational and experimental procedures were used to evaluate the potential importance of brood size and weather on the evolution of clutch size in the Eastern Kingbird. Modal clutch size was three eggs, yet broods of four were most productive. Nestling size varied inversely with brood size, so that "nestling quality" was lower in broods of four than in broods of three. Asymptotic weight of nestlings in broods of three was directly and significantly correlated with ambient air temperature, followed by hatch order. Because larger broods were being fed during a period of relatively cool and wet weather, the effects of brood size were probably confounded by weather-induced changes in food availability, suggesting that the ability to produce surviving young successfully from large broods is dependent upon weather conditions during the nestling period. These observations match patterns seen in other aerial foragers and indicate that unpredictable changes in temperature and precipitation dramatically affect the ability of the adults to feed young. A high variance in fledging success from the largest broods is indicated and probably selects for a reduced number of offspring in the Eastern Kingbird. Trade-offs in reproductive effort and parental survival do not appear to be required to explain patterns of clutch size in the Eastern Kingbird or, probably, other aerial foragers. Received 13 November 1981, accepted 11