An enhanced HNO3 second maximum in the Antarctic midwinter upper stratosphere 2003
An enhanced HNO3 second maximum in the Antarctic midwinter upper stratosphere 2003
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2003年南极仲冬平流层上层HNO3第二最大值增强
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Gil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Stiller;G. Tsidu;T. Clarmann;N. Glatthor;M. Höpfner;S. Kellmann;A. Linden;R. Ruhnke;H. Fischer;M. López‐Puertas;B. Funke;S. Gil
2003年南极冬季，利用Envisat研究卫星上的迈克尔逊干涉仪（MIPAS）记录的临边发射光谱反演了平流层HNO 3的垂直廓线。7月HNO 3在34 km附近出现第二高峰，丰度达14 ppbvHNO 3。类似的高丰度没有在文献中报告的前几个冬天，但随后的北极冬季2003/2004年，由于太阳质子事件的严重扰动。2003年6月初，南极平流层第二次HNO 3极大值开始发展，7月达到峰值，8月底下降到7 ppbv左右，并继续向下输送，最终在平流层低层形成一个覆盖所有纬度的单一HNO 3层，并与涡外初级HNO 3极大值一起形成。2003年8月HNO 3的减少与ClONO 2和NOx等NOv物种的光化学积累有关。从观测到的时间尺度来看，可以排除2003年长期HNO 3增强是由2003年5月29日太阳质子事件后立即发生的局部气相反应引起的。相反，HNO 3产生的离子簇化学反应和/或硫酸盐气溶胶通过N2 O 5的非均相反应，从高量的NOy被连续向下输送从低热层在5月至8月。
Vertical profiles of stratospheric HNO 3 were retrieved from limb emission spectra recorded by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the Envisat research satellite during the Antarctic winter 2003. A high second maximum of HNO 3 was found around 34 km altitude with abundances up to 14 ppbv HNO 3 during July. Similar high abundances have not been reported in the literature for previous winters, but for the subsequent Arctic winter 2003/2004, after severe perturbations due to solar proton events. The second HNO 3 maximum in the Antarctic stratosphere started to develop in early June 2003, reached peak values during July 2003, and decreased to about 7 ppbv at the end of August while being continuously transported downward before finally forming a single HNO 3 layer over all latitudes in the lower stratosphere together with the out-of-vortex primary HNO 3 maximum. The HNO 3 decrease in August 2003 was correlated with photochemical buildup of other NO v species as ClONO 2 and NO x . From the time scales observed, it can be ruled out that the 2003 long-term HNO 3 enhancements were caused by local gas phase reactions immediately after the solar proton event on 29 May 2003. Instead, HNO 3 was produced by ion cluster chemistry reactions and/or heterogeneous reactions on sulfate aerosols via N 2 O 5 from high amounts of NOy being continuously transported downward from the lower thermosphere during May to August.