Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease.
Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0072-9752(07)83006-5
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tanner CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasten M;Chade A;Tanner CM
本章讨论帕金森病 (PD) 的流行病学。传统上，PD是指由于无明确原因的色素胺能脑干神经元丧失而引起的进行性帕金森症，而帕金森症仅指运动迟缓、静止性震颤、强直和姿势反射障碍的综合征。近两个世纪以来，帕金森病的临床描述为临床研究（包括流行病学研究）提供了框架。直到 20 世纪中叶，对 PD 的描述仅限于选定的临床环境。从那时起，流行病学方法不仅被用来调查帕金森病的人群分布，而且还被用作收集这种“特发性”疾病病因线索的一种方法。由于帕金森病相对罕见，因此必须对大量基础人群进行调查，以确定足够数量的病例进行研究。在某些情况下，可以通过指定地理区域内或列举的人群中的卫生服务名册来识别帕金森病病例。在其他情况下，帕金森病病例的寻找独立于医疗保健系统，例如通过挨家挨户调查。虽然从理论上讲后一种方法排除病例的可能性最小，但使用这种方法所涉及的时间和成本也是最大的。
This chapter discusses the epidemiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Classically, PD refers to progressive parkinsonism caused by loss of pigmented aminergic brainstem neurons without an identifiable cause, while parkinsonism refers simply to the syndrome of bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity and postural reflex impairment. Over nearly two centuries, Parkinson's clinical description has provided the framework for clinical investigations, including epidemiologic ones. Descriptions of PD were limited to selected clinical settings until the middle of the 20th century. Since then, epidemiologic approaches have been used not only to investigate the population distribution of PD, but also as a way to glean clues as to the cause of this “idiopathic” disorder. Because PD is relatively infrequent, a large base population must be surveyed to identify sufficient numbers of cases for a study. In some instances, PD cases can be identified through health service rosters within defined geographic areas or in enumerated populations. In others, cases of PD are sought independently of the health care system, such as through door-to-door surveys. While the latter approach is theoretically least likely to exclude cases, the time and cost involved are also greatest using this approach.