Predation pressure in maize across Europe and in Argentina: an intercontinental comparison
Predation pressure in maize across Europe and in Argentina: an intercontinental comparison
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DOI：
10.1111/1744-7917.12550
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Ichim, Mihael Cristin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ferrante, Marco;Lovei, Gabor L.;Ichim, Mihael Cristin
人类从被称为生态系统服务的大规模生态过程中获得重要利益，但其中一些进程的地位正在下降。可靠的监测方法对于跟踪生态系统服务状况至关重要。捕食是自然害虫控制的支柱，是一项关键的生态系统服务。我们使用绿色塑料毛虫来监测捕食压力，并在旧大陆和新大陆国家的转基因和非转基因玉米田里获得捕食者活动的基线数据。捕食压力是在四个欧洲国家(丹麦、斯洛伐克、罗马尼亚和意大利)和阿根廷使用相同的小块实验设计在地面和树冠水平上测量的。玉米的总捕食率为11.7%d(-1)(min.阿根廷最多7.2%d(-1)罗马尼亚为29.0%d(-1))。人工毛虫受到无脊椎动物(主要是咀嚼昆虫，占攻击痕迹的42.0%，蚂蚁占7.1%，但也有捕食性和寄生性的黄蜂、蜘蛛和鼻涕虫)和脊椎动物(小型哺乳动物占25.5%，鸟类占20.2%)的攻击。除阿根廷外，所有国家的地面捕食量(15.7%d(-1))显著高于玉米冠层捕食量(6.0%d(-1))。我们发现Bt玉米地和非Bt玉米地的捕食者压力没有显著差异。人工毛虫法提供了关于捕食强度的可比的定量数据，证明该方法适合于监测天敌的防治。这种方法通过直接测量生态功能而不是结构，有效地扩展了现有的工具包。
Humankind draws important benefits from large-scale ecological processes termed ecosystem services, yet the status of several of them is declining. Reliable monitoring methods are essential for tracking the status of ecosystem services. Predation is the mainstay of natural pest control, a key ecosystem service. We used green plasticine caterpillars to monitor predation pressure, and to obtain baseline data on predator activity in transgenic Bt versus non-Bt maize fields in Old and New World countries. Predation pressure was measured at ground and canopy levels using an identical, small-plot experimental design in four European countries (Denmark, Slovakia, Romania and Italy) and Argentina. Total predation rate in maize was 11.7%d(-1) (min. 7.2%d(-1) in Argentina, max. 29.0%d(-1) in Romania). Artificial caterpillars were attacked both by invertebrates (mostly chewing insects with 42.0% of the attack marks, and ants with 7.1%, but also predatory and parasitoid wasps, spiders and slugs), and vertebrates (small mammals 25.5%, and birds 20.2%). Total predation at ground level (15.7%d(-1)) was significantly higher than in maize canopies (6.0%d(-1)) in all countries, except Argentina. We found no significant differences between predator pressure in Bt versus non-Bt maize plots. The artificial caterpillar method provided comparable, quantitative data on predation intensity, and proved to be suitable for monitoring natural pest control. This method usefully expands the existing toolkit by directly measuring ecological function rather than structure.