Expertise modulates the neural basis of context dependent recognition of objects and their relations
Expertise modulates the neural basis of context dependent recognition of objects and their relations
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/hbm.21396
复制
发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Grodd, Wolfgang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bilalic, Merim;Turella, Luca;Grodd, Wolfgang
在现实生活中，对物体及其关系的识别是定位所必需的。我们通过国际象棋游戏考察了与识别对象、它们的关系以及它们形成的模式相关的认知过程。国际象棋使我们能够比较专家和新手，从而洞察识别技能发展的本质。眼动记录显示，在需要列举国际象棋对象之间关系的任务中，专家通常比新手速度快，因为他们广博的知识使他们能够立即专注于感兴趣的对象。在随机位置上，这种优势不那么明显，因为在随机位置上，国际象棋对象的位置以及它们之间的典型关系是随机的。神经影像数据显示，专家对背束、双侧后颞区和左侧顶下叶的优势表现与对物体及其功能的再认识有关。在专家中，双侧副脑沟和双侧脾后皮质对正常位置也比随机位置更敏感，这表明它们参与了模式识别。激活的模式表明，专家与新手使用相同的区域，但他们还使用了新的额外区域。专家加工作为发展的最后阶段，与新手加工有质的区别，新手加工可以看作是起步阶段。由于我们都是现实生活中的专家，在典型的背景下处理有意义的刺激，我们的结果强调了专家式的认知加工在将实验室结果推广到日常生活中的重要性。Hum Brain Mapp，2012年。(C)2011年威利期刊公司。
Recognition of objects and their relations is necessary for orienting in real life. We examined cognitive processes related to recognition of objects, their relations, and the patterns they form by using the game of chess. Chess enables us to compare experts with novices and thus gain insight in the nature of development of recognition skills. Eye movement recordings showed that experts were generally faster than novices on a task that required enumeration of relations between chess objects because their extensive knowledge enabled them to immediately focus on the objects of interest. The advantage was less pronounced on random positions where the location of chess objects, and thus typical relations between them, was randomized. Neuroimaging data related experts' superior performance to the areas along the dorsal streambilateral posterior temporal areas and left inferior parietal lobe were related to recognition of object and their functions. The bilateral collateral sulci, together with bilateral retrosplenial cortex, were also more sensitive to normal than random positions among experts indicating their involvement in pattern recognition. The pattern of activations suggests experts engage the same regions as novices, but also that they employ novel additional regions. Expert processing, as the final stage of development, is qualitatively different than novice processing, which can be viewed as the starting stage. Since we are all experts in real life and dealing with meaningful stimuli in typical contexts, our results underline the importance of expert-like cognitive processing on generalization of laboratory results to everyday life. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.