TIME-ESTIMATION AND CONCURRENT NONTEMPORAL PROCESSING - SPECIFIC INTERFERENCE FROM SHORT-TERM-MEMORY DEMANDS
TIME-ESTIMATION AND CONCURRENT NONTEMPORAL PROCESSING - SPECIFIC INTERFERENCE FROM SHORT-TERM-MEMORY DEMANDS
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03205202
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发表时间：
1993-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
KIROUAC, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FORTIN, C;ROUSSEAU, R;KIROUAC, E
以前的研究表明，并发非时态加工对时间估计的影响可能取决于非时态任务的难度水平。这通常是在所谓的时间加工的分心/中断模型的背景下解释的，该模型提出，随着并发任务的难度或复杂性的增加，时间加工受到的关注较少。我们假设，非时态加工的效果并不取决于难度本身，而是取决于并发的非时态任务在多大程度上具体涉及短期记忆中的加工。在四个实验中，虽然所有任务的难度都相当，但同时任务的短期记忆需求是有系统地不同的。在第一个实验中，记忆搜索对同时时间产生的影响与要搜索的项目数成正比。与反应时间一样，产生的间隔随着记忆集合中项目的数量而线性增加。在实验2中，视觉搜索对短期记忆的影响与时间产生的影响是相同的，尽管程度较小。最后两个实验表明，执行不涉及短期记忆的注意力要求高的视觉搜索任务并不会同时延长产生的时间间隔。这表明，非时态加工对时间加工的干扰可能不是非特定的一般目的注意资源的问题，而是并发的短期记忆加工需求。
Previous studies have shown that the effect of concurrent nontemporal processing on time estimation may vary depending on the level of difficulty of the nontemporal task. This is commonly interpreted within the context of so-called distraction/interruption models of temporal processing, which propose that as concurrent task difficulty or complexity is increased, temporal processing receives less attention. We hypothesize that the effect of nontemporal processing does not depend on the level of difficulty as such, but rather on the extent to which the concurrent nontemporal task specifically involves processing in short-term memory. Four experiments were run in which the short-term memory requirements of concurrent tasks were systematically varied, although all of the tasks were of comparable levels of difficulty. In the first experiment, the effect of memory search on simultaneous temporal productions was proportional to the number of items to search. As with reaction time, produced intervals were shown to increase linearly with the number of items in the memorized set. In Experiment 2, a visual search involving some load on short-term memory interfered in the same way with time production, although to a lesser extent. The last two experiments showed that performing attention-demanding visual search tasks that did not involve short-term memory did not lengthen simultaneously produced time intervals. This suggests that interference of nontemporal processing on time processing may not be a matter of nonspecific general purpose attentional resources, but rather of concurrent short-term-memory processing demands.