Dementia due to Endocrine Diseases
Dementia due to Endocrine Diseases
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内分泌疾病引起的痴呆
作者：
松永晶子;米田誠
影响脑下垂体、甲状腺、甲状旁腺、肾上腺和胰腺等各种器官的内分泌疾病偶尔会引起痴呆。虽然阿尔茨海默病（AD）是老年痴呆症的主要原因，并且无法治疗，但内分泌疾病引起的痴呆症在大多数情况下是可以治疗的。然而，与内分泌疾病相关的痴呆患者表现出与AD相似的记忆障碍，经常导致误诊。内分泌疾病患者常表现出由激素水平改变引起的其他特征性全身和神经精神症状。这些神经精神症状包括不自主运动、抑郁、癫痫发作和肌肉无力。在这些情况下，影像学和血液或尿液检查异常有助于鉴别诊断。由于延误对这些患者的诊断和治疗可能会造成不可逆的脑损伤，因此临床医生在治疗痴呆患者时必须仔细排除潜在内分泌疾病的可能性。
Endocrine diseases affecting various organs, such as the pituitary gland, the thyroid, the parathyroid, the adrenal glands and the pancreas, occasionally cause dementia. While Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia in the elderly and is untreatable, dementia caused by endocrine diseases is treatable in most cases. However, patients with dementia associated with endocrine diseases show memory impairments similar to those found in AD, often leading to misdiagnoses. Patients with endocrine diseases often present with other characteristic systemic and neuropsychiatric symptoms caused by altered hormone levels. Such neuropsychiatric symptoms include involuntary movements, depression, seizures, and muscle weakness. In these cases, abnormalities in imaging and blood or urine tests are helpful in making a differential diagnosis. As delays in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients may cause irreversible brain damage, it is imperative for clinicians to carefully exclude the possibility of latent endocrine diseases when treating patients with dementia.