Nanoparticles: Their potential toxicity, waste and environmental management
Nanoparticles: Their potential toxicity, waste and environmental management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wasman.2009.04.001
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Urban, Pawel L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska, Grazyna;Golimowski, Jerzy;Urban, Pawel L.
本文献综述讨论了与处理含有纳米材料的废物相关的具体问题。其目的是（1）强调与通过废物处理纳米颗粒不受控制地释放到环境中相关的问题，以及（2）向废物管理界介绍纳米废物和纳米毒理学的主题。工业上使用的许多纳米粒子都含有重金属，因此纳米粒子中所含重金属的毒性和生物累积可能成为重要的环境问题。尽管纳米粒子中所含重金属的生物利用度可能低于以可溶形式存在的重金属，但其固有性质（例如其尺寸、形状或密度）所产生的毒性可能很大。处理纳米废物的方法需要了解其所有特性，不仅是化学特性，而且是物理和生物特性。纳米废物管理的进展还需要研究新材料对环境的影响。作者认为阿马拉定律适用于纳米技术的影响，社会可能高估这些技术的短期影响，而低估长期影响。有必要从公司获得有关所生产或排放的纳米材料的水平和性质以及纳米产品生命周期时间预期的基本信息，作为估计未来纳米废物水平的基础。如果不知道公司计划如何使用和储存可回收和不可回收的纳米材料，制定法规就很困难。纳米产品的标记被提议作为促进纳米材料分离和回收的一种手段。 (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
This literature review discusses specific issues related to handling of waste containing nanomaterials. The aims are (1) to highlight problems related to uncontrolled release of nanoparticles to the environment through waste disposal, and (2) to introduce the topics of nanowaste and nanotoxicology to the waste management community. Many nanoparticles used by industry contain heavy metals, thus toxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals contained in nanoparticles may become important environmental issues. Although bioavailability of heavy metals contained in nanoparticles can be lower than those present in soluble form, the toxicity resulting from their intrinsic nature (e.g. their size, shape or density) may be significant. An approach to the treatment of nanowaste requires understanding of all its properties not only chemical, but also physical and biological. Progress in nanowaste management also requires studies of the environmental impact of the new materials. The authors believe Amara's law is applicable to the impact of nanotechnologies, and society might overestimate the short-term effects of these technologies, while underestimating the long-term effects. It is necessary to have basic information from companies about the level and nature of nanomaterials produced or emitted and about the expectation of the life cycle time of nanoproducts as a basis to estimate the level of nanowaste in the future. Without knowing how companies plan to use and store recycled and nonrecycled nanomaterials, development of regulations is difficult. Tagging of nanoproducts is proposed as a means to facilitate separation and recovery of nanomaterials. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.