Effects of dietary ginkgo biloba leaf extract on growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune responses, liver histology, and immune and apoptosis‐related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinep
Effects of dietary ginkgo biloba leaf extract on growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune responses, liver histology, and immune and apoptosis‐related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinep
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.022
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Xiaohong Tan;Zhenzhu Sun;Qingying Liu;Huaqun Ye;Cuiyun Zou;Chaoxia Ye;Anli Wang;Heizhao Lin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiaohong Tan;Zhenzhu Sun;Qingying Liu;Huaqun Ye;Cuiyun Zou;Chaoxia Ye;Anli Wang;Heizhao Lin
几千年来，银杏叶一直是中医的一种常见疗法。研究了饲料中添加银杏叶提取物对高脂饲料饲养的杂交石斑鱼(Epinepheluslanceolatus♂×Epinephelus fuscogutatus♀)生长性能、血浆生化指标、鱼类组成、免疫应答、肝脏组织学及免疫和细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.50、1.00、2.00、4.00和10.00g/kg−-1的银杏叶提取物，饲喂杂交石斑鱼8周。研究表明，日粮中添加银杏叶提取物并不能提高仔猪的生长性能和饲料利用率，但能降低腹脂率。各组条件因子、脏体指数、肝体指数、脾指数、相对肠长、摄食量、蛋白质沉积率和存活率差异均无统计学意义(P>；P>；0.05)。饲料中添加0.5~4.00 mg/kg的−能有效地提高鱼的血浆高密度脂蛋白含量，降低血浆葡萄糖、低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯的含量。此外，饲料中添加银杏叶提取物对鱼体水分、肝脏粗蛋白和粗脂肪以及整体蛋白质含量均有显著影响(P<；P<；0.05)。饲料中添加0.50-1.00 mg/kg−能有效降低鱼体肝细胞肿胀、肝细胞空泡化和细胞核向细胞外周质空泡化的发生率，肝脏抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和总抗氧化能力)活性显著提高，丙二醛含量显著降低(P<；0.05)。此外，饲料中添加银杏叶提取物上调了抗氧化性基因(CAT、GPX和GR)、免疫相关基因(MHc2和TLR3)和抗炎细胞因子(IL-10和转化生长因子-β1)的表达，而饲料中添加0.50-4.00 mg/kg的银杏叶提取物−1则下调了头肾细胞凋亡相关基因(P53、Caspase-9、Caspase-8和Caspase-3)的表达。这些结果表明，饲料中添加银杏叶提取物不能改善杂交石斑鱼的生长性能和饲料利用率，但具有降血脂作用，改善肝脏抗氧化状态，维持正常肝脏组织结构，保护肝功能，增加免疫相关基因表达，降低头肾细胞凋亡相关基因表达。
For thousands of years, leaves from the Ginkgo biloba tree have been a common treatment in Chinese medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) supplementation on growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune responses, liver histology, and immune and apoptosis-related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinepheluslanceolatus♂ ×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀) fed high lipid diets. A basal diet supplemented with GBE at 0, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 10.00 g kg−1was fed to hybrid grouper for 8 weeks. The study indicated that dietary GBE did not improve growth performance and feed utilization but it reduced intraperitoneal fat rate. There were no significant differences in condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, spleen index, relative gut length, food intake, protein deposit rate and survival among all groups (P> 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.50–4.00 g GBE kg−1diets effectively increased plasma HDL content and decreased plasma GLU, LDL and TG content in fish. Furthermore, dietary GBE had a significant effect on moisture, crude protein and lipid in the liver, and protein in the whole body of fish (P< 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.50–1.00 g GBE kg−1diets effectively decreased occurrence rates of the hepatocyte swelling, hepatocyte vacuolization, and nuclei shifting to the cellular periphery cytoplasmic vacuolization, meanwhile hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and T-AOC) activities significantly increased whereas MDA content significantly decreased in fish fed diets supplemented with GBE (P< 0.05). Moreover, dietary GBE up-regulated the expression of antioxidant genes (CAT, GPx and GR), immune-related genes (MHC2 and TLR3) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1), while dietary supplementation with 0.50–4.00 g GBE kg−1diets down-regulated apoptosis-related genes (p53, caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3) expression in the head kidney of hybrid grouper. These results indicated that hybrid grouper fed diets supplemented with GBE did not improve growth performance and feed utilization but it had hypolipidemic effects, improved hepatic antioxidant status, maintained normal liver histology and preserved liver function, increased immune-related genes expression and decreased apoptosis-related genes expression in the head kidney of hybrid grouper.