CHILDHOOD PERSONALITY PREDICTS ALCOHOL-ABUSE IN YOUNG-ADULTS
CHILDHOOD PERSONALITY PREDICTS ALCOHOL-ABUSE IN YOUNG-ADULTS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00232.x
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发表时间：
1988-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
BOHMAN, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CLONINGER, CR;SIGVARDSSON, S;BOHMAN, M
出生于瑞典斯德哥尔摩的 431 名儿童（233 名男孩，198 名女孩）在 11 岁时接受了详细的行为评估，包括与学校老师的详细访谈，并在 27 岁时进行了重新评估，以确定是否酗酒或酗酒。这项前瞻性纵向研究测试了神经生物学学习理论关于遗传性人格特质在酗酒易感性中的作用的具体预测。在不了解成年结果的情况下，识别并评估了童年人格变异的三个维度。这三个维度（寻求新奇、避免伤害和奖励依赖）在很大程度上彼此不相关，并且每一个维度都预示着后来的酗酒。三个人格维度均值的绝对偏差与以后酗酒风险的指数增加有关。高度寻求新奇和低度避免伤害是早发性酗酒的最有力预测因素。仅这两个童年变量就可以区分出酗酒风险接近 20 倍的男孩：酗酒风险从 4% 到 75% 不等，具体取决于童年性格。
431 children (233 boys, 198 girls) born in Stockholm, Sweden, had a detailed behavioral assessment at 11 years of age, including a detailed interview with their school teachers, and at age 27 years were reevaluated to identify alcoholism or alcohol abuse. Specific predictions from a neurobiological learning theory about the role of heritable personality traits in susceptibility to alcohol abuse were tested in this prospective longitudinal study. Three dimensions of childhood personality variation were identified and rated without knowledge of adult outcome. These three dimensions (novelty-seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence) were largely uncorrelated with one another, and each was predictive of later alcohol abuse. Absolute deviations from the mean of each of the three personality dimensions were associated with an exponential increase in the risk of later alcohol abuse. High novelty-seeking and low harm avoidance were most strongly predictive of early-onset alcohol abuse. These two childhood variables alone distinguished boys who had nearly 20-fold differences in their risk of alcohol abuse: the risk of alcohol abuse varied from 4 to 75% depending on childhood personality.