Dynamics of Domestic Water Consumption in the Urban Area of the Kathmandu Valley: Situation Analysis Pre and Post 2015 Gorkha Earthquake
Dynamics of Domestic Water Consumption in the Urban Area of the Kathmandu Valley: Situation Analysis Pre and Post 2015 Gorkha Earthquake
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DOI：
10.3390/w9030222
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Shindo, Junko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shrestha, Sadhana;Aihara, Yoko;Shindo, Junko
有关生活用水的信息至关重要，因为加德满都谷地即将实施梅拉姆奇供水项目；然而，2015 年廓尔喀地震 (GEQ) 后当前局势的最新信息仍然缺乏。我们调查了 GEQ 前后的生活用水动态。自来水供应短缺，加德满都 Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL) 分支机构和海拔高度的用水量差异很大。 GEQ 后管道水、地面水和罐用水量的减少以及罐车用水量的增加似乎是由于 GEQ 的影响。然而，尽管 GEQ 后人均用水量从 117 升减少到 99 升，但对人均用水量的影响似乎并不显着。管道水、地下水和水罐车的用水量与用水量的增加有关，罐装水的使用量与用水量的减少有关。尽管水量有所改善，但不同财富状况之间的用水不平等和负担能力不平等仍然存在。这项研究向 KUKL 提出了需要改善供应的优先领域，并建议重点恢复绩效。政策规划者应考虑现有的负担能力不平等问题，这是联合国可持续发展目标中的一个主要问题。
Information regarding domestic water consumption is vital, as the Kathmandu Valley will soon be implementing the Melamchi Water Supply Project; however, updated information on the current situation after the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake (GEQ) is still lacking. We investigated the dynamics of domestic water consumption pre- and post-GEQ. The piped water supply was short, and consumption varied widely across the Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL) branches and altitude. The reduction in piped, ground, and jar water consumption and the increase in tanker water consumption post-GEQ appeared to be due to the impact of the GEQ. However, the impact did not appear to be prominent on per capita water consumption, although it was reduced from 117 to 99 L post-GEQ. Piped, ground, and tanker water use were associated with an increase and jar water use was associated with a decrease in water consumption. Despite improvements in quantity, inequality in water consumption and inequity in affordability across wealth status was well established. This study suggests to KUKL the areas of priority where improvements to supply are required, and recommends an emphasis on resuming performance. Policy planners should consider the existing inequity in affordability, which is a major issue in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.