Sustainability assessment tools to support aquaculture development
Sustainability assessment tools to support aquaculture development
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.03.037
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Biniam Samuel-Fitwi;S. Wuertz;J. P. Schroeder;C. Schulz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Biniam Samuel-Fitwi;S. Wuertz;J. P. Schroeder;C. Schulz
在过去的50年里，水产品生产每十年翻一番，是增长最快的食品部门。这一增长反映了生产地区的扩大、畜牧业专门知识的增加和生产技术的进步，但最重要的是，这意味着生产投入的使用增加，导致自然资源的开采，从而引起对环境破坏的关注。此外，除了实际目标产品之外，它还提出了类似的一系列生产产出，这些产品很难量化，但往往被认为对环境造成影响，并对人类健康造成潜在风险。虽然已经探讨了几种定量的多影响评估工具，以评估工业活动的环境影响，但在水产养殖中的应用只是最近才进行的。然而，迄今为止所采用的影响评估工具并没有反映水产养殖活动的全部范围，因此存在一些限制因素，影响了这些工具在水产养殖环境评估中的使用。因此，有必要开发量身定制的环境评估工具，将水产养殖特有的影响纳入其中。通过审查最近在水产养殖中使用的方法，确定其局限性和未来的研究需要突出。虽然在实现环境评估工具（如生命周期评估（LCA））的标准化方法方面取得了很大进展，但在政策制定和决策中使用这些工具需要不懈努力，利用水产养殖已知的基本问题开发工具。作为一个先决条件，水产养殖的最重要的影响是确定的，但需要加以表征，并纳入水产养殖评估工具。此外，还应考虑可持续性的社会方面;将业务效率与环境绩效联系起来，有助于优化资源分配，同时尽量减少影响。
Aquaculture production has doubled every decade for the past fifty years, representing the fastest growing food sector. This increase reflects the expansion of production areas, increased know-how in husbandry and advances in production technologies, but most importantly it entails increased use of production-inputs that lead to exploitation of natural resources and hence raising concern on environmental distress. In addition, it suggests a similar range of production-outputs apart from the actual target products that are hardly quantified but often are recognized for causing impacts on the environment as well as potential risks for human health. Although several quantitative multi-impact assessment tools have been explored to evaluate environmental impacts of industrial activities, applications in aquaculture have only recently been carried out. However, impact assessment tools applied so far do not reflect the full range of aquaculture activities, and hence incorporate limitations that impair their use in aquaculture environmental assessment. Therefore, the development of tailored environmental assessment tool incorporating impacts distinctive to aquaculture is necessary. By reviewing recent methodologies used in aquaculture, their limitations are identified and future research needs are highlighted. Although large strides have been made in reaching standardized methods for environmental assessment tools such as life cycle assessment (LCA), their use in policy formulation and decision making requires relentless effort to develop the tools using fundamental problems known to aquaculture. As a prerequisite, the most significant impacts of aquaculture are identified but need to be characterized and integrated in aquacultural assessment tool. Furthermore, social aspects of sustainability should be considered; and linkage of operational efficiency with environmental performance can support in optimizing the allocation of resources while minimizing impacts.