Selling visions: Kantianism, cameralism and applied science realized through encyclopaediae in Germany and beyond
Selling visions: Kantianism, cameralism and applied science realized through encyclopaediae in Germany and beyond
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销售愿景：通过德国及其他地区的百科全书实现康德主义、相机主义和应用科学
DOI：
10.1098/rsnr.2018.0007
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bud R
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文献类型：
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作者：
Bud R
本文探讨了十九世纪初“应用科学”一词从德语引入英语的情况。该术语最初用于塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治的一个项目《大都会百科全书》中，用于描述纯粹知识与实践之间的空间，对于一个社区来说，商业和农业的变革需要精英管理和鼓励。针对“文员的成就”，观众期待柯勒律治后来的“文员”一词。我认为，在学术服务匮乏的英国，我们在德国文化世界的边缘看到了一个相当晚的例子，说明了百科全书作为知识结构手段的重要性。 《大都会百科全书》在国际相机主义传统、康德哲学框架和新富且有抱负的读者之间进行调解，无论从内容还是结构上来说，它都是一种文化武器。它为应用科学提供了意义，作为一种认知类别，其确定性低于纯科学，并且依赖于纯科学，但也包含从化学到强化的一系列重要学科。我认为这个术语已经在德语中发挥了这一作用，特别是在被康德主义者采用之后，而且在百科全书中。在《大都会百科全书》中，纯粹科学和应用科学的类别也使编辑和读者能够管理十九世纪初迅速发展的知识和不稳定的变化。
This paper explores the introduction of the term ‘applied sciences’ into English from German at the beginning of the nineteenth century. First used for, and in,The Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, a project of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, the term served to describe the space between pure knowledge and practice, for a community to whom change in commerce and agriculture required elite management as well as encouragement. Addressed to those of ‘clerkly acquirements’, the audience anticipated Coleridge's later term of ‘clerisy’. I argue that we see a rather late example, on the periphery of the German cultural world in academically underserved Britain, of the importance of the encyclopaedia as a means of structuring knowledge. Mediating between an international cameralist tradition, a Kantian philosophical framework and a newly wealthy and aspirational audience,The Encyclopaedia Metropolitanawas a cultural weapon through both its contents and its structure. It provided meaning to applied sciences as an epistemic category less certain than, and dependent on, the pure sciences, but also inclusive of a range of important subjects from chemistry to fortification. I argue that the term had served this role already in German, particularly after its adoption by Kantians, and moreover in encyclopaediae. InThe Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, too, the categories of pure and applied science enabled the editor and readers to manage the burgeoning knowledge and destabilizing change of the early nineteenth century.