Genetic control of inflorescence architecture in legumes.
Genetic control of inflorescence architecture in legumes.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2015.00543
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Madueño F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benlloch R;Berbel A;Ali L;Gohari G;Millán T;Madueño F
花序的结构，也就是承载花朵的枝条系统，是开花植物种类繁多的主要组成部分。花序结构对果实和种子的生产以及作物管理也有很大的影响，这两个农艺性状高度相关。阐明控制花序发育的遗传网络，以及它们在不同物种之间的差异，对于了解植物形态的进化和培育作物物种的关键结构性状至关重要。花序结构取决于花序顶端分生组织的特性和活性，这决定了花何时形成、产生多少及其在花序轴上的相对位置。拟南芥是花序发育的遗传控制者，它有一个简单的花序，初级花序分生组织直接产生花，花由此产生在主花序轴上。相反，豆科植物代表了一种更复杂的花序类型--复合花序，其中的花不直接在主花序轴上着生，而是由次生或更高级的花序分生组织形成。对豌豆(豌豆)或紫花苜蓿等模式豆科植物的研究已经使人们对豆科植物复合花序发育的遗传控制有了相当好的了解。此外，越来越多的豆类遗传和基因组工具使这一知识迅速扩展到其他豆类谷物作物。本文综述了控制豆科植物花序发育的遗传网络的研究现状。它还讨论了如何将这一知识与新兴基因组工具和资源的使用相结合，使谷物豆类作物的育种取得快速进展。
The architecture of the inflorescence, the shoot system that bears the flowers, is a main component of the huge diversity of forms found in flowering plants. Inflorescence architecture has also a strong impact on the production of fruits and seeds, and on crop management, two highly relevant agronomical traits. Elucidating the genetic networks that control inflorescence development, and how they vary between different species, is essential to understanding the evolution of plant form and to being able to breed key architectural traits in crop species. Inflorescence architecture depends on the identity and activity of the meristems in the inflorescence apex, which determines when flowers are formed, how many are produced and their relative position in the inflorescence axis. Arabidopsis thaliana, where the genetic control of inflorescence development is best known, has a simple inflorescence, where the primary inflorescence meristem directly produces the flowers, which are thus borne in the main inflorescence axis. In contrast, legumes represent a more complex inflorescence type, the compound inflorescence, where flowers are not directly borne in the main inflorescence axis but, instead, they are formed by secondary or higher order inflorescence meristems. Studies in model legumes such as pea (Pisum sativum) or Medicago truncatula have led to a rather good knowledge of the genetic control of the development of the legume compound inflorescence. In addition, the increasing availability of genetic and genomic tools for legumes is allowing to rapidly extending this knowledge to other grain legume crops. This review aims to describe the current knowledge of the genetic network controlling inflorescence development in legumes. It also discusses how the combination of this knowledge with the use of emerging genomic tools and resources may allow rapid advances in the breeding of grain legume crops.