Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 Interventions
Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 Interventions
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DOI：
10.1037/a0036260
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Nosek, Brian A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lai, Calvin K.;Marini, Maddalena;Nosek, Brian A.
已经确定了许多减少内隐偏见的方法，但对它们的相对有效性知之甚少。我们举办了一场研究竞赛，对减少隐性种族偏见表达的干预措施进行了实验比较。团队提交了17项干预措施，每项平均测试3.70次，在4项研究中(总N=17,021)，并有研究之间修订干预措施的规则。与黑人相比，17项干预措施中有8项有效地减少了对白人的内隐偏好，特别是那些提供了反刻板印象样本的经验、使用了评价性条件反射方法并提供了推翻偏见的策略的干预措施。其他9项干预都是无效的，特别是那些让参与者从他人的角度出发，要求参与者考虑平等主义价值观，或诱导积极情绪的干预。最有效的干预是那些唤起高度自我参与或将黑人与积极的人联系在一起，将白人与消极的人联系在一起的干预措施。没有干预始终减少了明确的种族偏好。此外，干预效果仅微弱地延伸到对亚洲人和拉美裔美国人的隐性偏好。
Many methods for reducing implicit prejudice have been identified, but little is known about their relative effectiveness. We held a research contest to experimentally compare interventions for reducing the expression of implicit racial prejudice. Teams submitted 17 interventions that were tested an average of 3.70 times each in 4 studies (total N = 17,021), with rules for revising interventions between studies. Eight of 17 interventions were effective at reducing implicit preferences for Whites compared with Blacks, particularly ones that provided experience with counterstereotypical exemplars, used evaluative conditioning methods, and provided strategies to override biases. The other 9 interventions were ineffective, particularly ones that engaged participants with others' perspectives, asked participants to consider egalitarian values, or induced a positive emotion. The most potent interventions were ones that invoked high self-involvement or linked Black people with positivity and White people with negativity. No intervention consistently reduced explicit racial preferences. Furthermore, intervention effectiveness only weakly extended to implicit preferences for Asians and Hispanics.