Chocolate Milk Consequences: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Consequences of Banning Chocolate Milk in School Cafeterias
Chocolate Milk Consequences: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Consequences of Banning Chocolate Milk in School Cafeterias
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0091022
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发表时间：
2014-04-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wansink, Brian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanks, Andrew S.;Just, David R.;Wansink, Brian
目标：目前，学校提供的牛奶中有68.3%是调味牛奶，其中巧克力最受欢迎（占所有牛奶的61.6%）。如果巧克力牛奶从学校食堂中被移除，那么牛奶的选择和消费会发生什么变化？研究方法：在一项对俄勒冈州11所小学进行的前后对比研究中，调味牛奶--也就是巧克力牛奶--被禁止在自助餐厅使用。牛奶销售，学校入学率，并在全国学校午餐计划（NSLP）的日常参与的数据进行了比较year-to-data.Results：总的日常牛奶销售下降了9.9%（p < 0.01）。虽然每天白色牛奶增加了161.2箱（p < 0.001），但仍有29.4%的牛奶被扔掉。取消巧克力牛奶也与减少6.8%的学生吃学校午餐有关，尽管还涉及其他因素，但这与心理抗拒的概念一致。结论：从学校自助餐厅取消巧克力牛奶可能会减少卡路里和糖的消耗，但也可能导致学生总体上减少牛奶摄入量，减少饮酒量（浪费更多）的白色牛奶，他们确实采取，并不再购买学校午餐。食品服务经理需要仔细权衡取消巧克力牛奶的成本和收益，并应考虑替代方案，使白色牛奶更方便，更有吸引力，更正常的选择。
Objectives: Currently, 68.3% of the milk available in schools is flavored, with chocolate being the most popular (61.6% of all milk). If chocolate milk is removed from a school cafeteria, what will happen to overall milk selection and consumption?Methods: In a before-after study in 11 Oregon elementary schools, flavored milk-which will be referred to as chocolate milk-was banned from the cafeteria. Milk sales, school enrollment, and data for daily participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) were compared year to date.Results: Total daily milk sales declined by 9.9% (p < 0.01). Although white milk increased by 161.2 cartons per day (p < 0.001), 29.4% of this milk was thrown away. Eliminating chocolate milk was also associated with 6.8% fewer students eating school lunches, and although other factors were also involved, this is consistent with the notion of psychological reactance.Conclusions: Removing chocolate milk from school cafeterias may reduce calorie and sugar consumption, but it may also lead students to take less milk overall, drink less (waste more) of the white milk they do take, and no longer purchase school lunch. Food service managers need to carefully weigh the costs and benefits of eliminating chocolate milk and should consider alternative options that make white milk more convenient, attractive, and normal to choose.