Against Elections: The Lottocratic Alternative
Against Elections: The Lottocratic Alternative
复制标题
反对选举：彩票替代方案
DOI：
10.1111/papa.12029
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Alexander A. Guerrero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alexander A. Guerrero
人们普遍认为，选举代议民主制-沿着一些不同的规范层面-优于任何其他立法政治安排。它通常不被视为一种竞争：人们也普遍认为，选举代议民主的唯一合法替代方案是某种形式的直接民主，但我们被告知，直接民主将导致糟糕的政策。这篇文章提出了一个合理的替代制度的情况下，一个使用彩票，而不是选举，选择政治官员，这将是比选举代表民主更好。第一部分分析了现代选举代议政府制度的两个重大缺陷：反应不力和善治不力。所提出的论点表明，这些缺陷是根深蒂固的，因此，即使是在竞选资金和选举法方面进行重大的、政治上不太可能的改革，也不会有什么不同。虽然我对这个论点的提炼是新颖的，但基本主题可能是熟悉的。我预计对这一论点的最初反应可能也很熟悉：丘吉尔式的耸耸肩。本文的第二、三和四部分代表了一种努力的开始，超越这种反应，思考替代的政治制度，这种制度可能避免选举代表制度的一些问题，而不会引入新的和更糟糕的问题。在文章的第二和第三部分，我概述了一种替代的政治制度，彩票制度，并提出了这样一个系统的一些优点。在文章的第四部分，笔者对该制度可能存在的问题进行了思考。本文的总体目标是提高对政府选举制度的担忧，提出彩票制度，并捍卫这种制度可能是一个规范上有吸引力的替代方案的观点，消除一个重大障碍，认真对待非选举制度的政府作为一个可能的改进选举民主。
It is widely accepted that electoral representative democracy is better — along a number of different normative dimensions — than any other alternative lawmaking political arrangement. It is not typically seen as much of a competition: it is also widely accepted that the only legitimate alternative to electoral representative democracy is some form of direct democracy, but direct democracy — we are told — would lead to bad policy. This article makes the case that there is a legitimate alternative system — one that uses lotteries, not elections, to select political officials — that would be better than electoral representative democracy. Part I diagnoses two significant failings of modern-day systems of electoral representative government: the failure of responsiveness and the failure of good governance. The argument offered suggests that these flaws run deep, so that even significant and politically unlikely reforms with respect to campaign finance and election law would make little difference. Although my distillation of the argument is novel, the basic themes will likely be familiar. I anticipate the initial response to the argument may be familiar as well: the Churchillian shrug. Parts II, III, and IV of this article represent the beginning of an effort to move past that response, to think about alternative political systems that might avoid some of the problems with the electoral representative system without introducing new and worse problems. In the second and third parts of the article, I outline an alternative political system, the lottocratic system, and present some of the virtues of such a system. In the fourth part of the article, I consider some possible problems for the system. The overall aims of this article are to raise worries for electoral systems of government, to present the lottocratic system and to defend the view that this system might be a normatively attractive alternative, removing a significant hurdle to taking a non-electoral system of government seriously as a possible improvement to electoral democracy.