Inverse effects of flowing phase-shift nanodroplets and lipid-shelled microbubbles on subsequent cavitation during focused ultrasound exposures.
Inverse effects of flowing phase-shift nanodroplets and lipid-shelled microbubbles on subsequent cavitation during focused ultrasound exposures.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.017
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Siyuan Zhang;Zhiwei Cui;Tianqi Xu;Pan Liu;Dapeng Li;Shaoqiang Shang;Ranxiang Xu;Y. Zong;G. Niu;Supin Wang;Xijing He;M. Wan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Siyuan Zhang;Zhiwei Cui;Tianqi Xu;Pan Liu;Dapeng Li;Shaoqiang Shang;Ranxiang Xu;Y. Zong;G. Niu;Supin Wang;Xijing He;M. Wan
本文比较了流动相移纳米液滴（NDs）和脂质壳微泡（mb）对聚焦超声（FUS）暴露过程中后续空化的影响。当暴露于FUS时，相移NDs溶液或脂质壳mb溶液以不同速度流过透明组织模拟体中直径为5mm的无壁血管，使用被动空化检测方法监测空化活性。相移NDs的空化强度随时间呈上升趋势，脂壳MBs的空化强度在FUS暴露开始时达到最大值，然后在血管中静止时呈下降趋势。同时，相移NDs的空化增加和脂壳MBs的空化减少在流过血管时有所减缓。在两次离散相同的FUS暴露过程中，脂壳MB溶液的归一化惯性空化剂量（ICD）值在第一次暴露时高于生理盐水（p值<0.05），而在第二次暴露时则下降到几乎相同的水平。对于相移NDs，第一次暴露时标准化ICD为0.71，第二次暴露时增加到0.97。在低声功率条件下，随着速度从5 cm/s到30 cm/s的增加，脂壳MBs的归一化ICD值趋于增加（r > 0.95）。同时，相移NDs在5 cm/s流速下的归一化ICD值为0.182，在15 cm/s流速下增至0.188。当流速增加到20 cm/s时，归一化ICD为0.185，当流速为30 cm/s时，归一化ICD降至0.178。在高声功率下，随着流速从5 cm/s增加到30 cm/s，脂壳MBs和相移NDs的归一化ICD值均增加（r > 0.95）。流动的相移nd作为空化核汽化成气泡对后续空化的影响与聚焦超声暴露后破坏的流动脂壳mb相反。
This paper compared the effects of flowing phase-shift nanodroplets (NDs) and lipid-shelled microbubbles (MBs) on subsequent cavitation during focused ultrasound (FUS) exposures. The cavitation activity was monitored using a passive cavitation detection method as solutions of either phase-shift NDs or lipid-shelled MBs flowed at varying velocities through a 5-mm diameter wall-less vessel in a transparent tissue-mimicking phantom when exposed to FUS. The intensity of cavitation for the phase-shift NDs showed an upward trend with time and cavitation for the lipid-shelled MBs grew to a maximum at the outset of the FUS exposure followed by a trend of decreases when they were static in the vessel. Meanwhile, the increase of cavitation for the phase-shift NDs and decrease of cavitation for the lipid-shelled MBs had slowed down when they flowed through the vessel. During two discrete identical FUS exposures, while the normalized inertial cavitation dose (ICD) value for the lipid-shelled MB solution was higher than that for the saline in the first exposure (p-value <0.05), it decreased to almost the same level in the second exposure. For the phase-shift NDs, the normalized ICD was 0.71 in the first exposure and increased to 0.97 in the second exposure. At a low acoustic power, the normalized ICD values for the lipid-shelled MBs tended to increase with increasing velocities from 5 to 30 cm/s (r > 0.95). Meanwhile, the normalized ICD value for the phase-shift NDs was 0.182 at a flow velocity of 5 cm/s and increased to 0.188 at a flow velocity of 15 cm/s. As the flow velocity increased to 20 cm/s, the normalized ICD was 0.185 and decreased to 0.178 at a flow velocity of 30 cm/s. At high acoustic power, the normalized ICD values for both the lipid-shelled MBs and the phase-shift NDs increased with increasing flow velocities from 5 to 30 cm/s (r > 0.95). The effects of the flowing phase-shift NDs vaporized into gas bubbles as cavitation nuclei on the subsequent cavitation were inverse to those of the flowing lipid-shelled MBs destroyed after focused ultrasound exposures.