Smoking-induced affect modulation in nonwithdrawn smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and in those with no psychiatric disorder.
Smoking-induced affect modulation in nonwithdrawn smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and in those with no psychiatric disorder.
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DOI：
10.1037/abn0000247
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
McFall M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cook JW;Baker TB;Beckham JC;McFall M
这项研究试图确定吸烟是否会通过减少戒断以外的方式产生影响。此前很少有证据表明存在这种影响。我们推测，这种影响在创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和重度抑郁症（MDD）中尤其明显，这两种疾病经常与吸烟共病，并涉及失调的影响。参与者是经常吸烟的美国退伍军人（N=159）： 52名患有PTSD（58%患有共病性重度抑郁症）；51名重度抑郁症患者，56名没有精神障碍的对照组。在三次积极和三次消极情绪诱导试验中（安排在两个阶段），未戒断的参与者要么抽含尼古丁的香烟（NIC+），要么抽不含尼古丁的香烟（NIC -），要么拿着一支笔。在情绪诱导前后分别测量积极和消极影响。结果显示，在PTSD患者和对照组中，吸烟条件x时间对负性情绪诱导过程中的负性情绪有显著的双向交互作用[F(6,576)=2.41, p=.03]。在这些组中，相对于钢笔，NIC+和NIC -在消极情绪诱导后产生的负面影响评分都较低。在PTSD患者和对照组中，吸烟状况x时间对积极情绪诱导的积极情绪反应也存在双向交互作用[F(6,564)=3.17, p= 0.005]，在重度抑郁症患者和对照组中[F(6,564)=2.27, p= 0.036]。在所有吸烟者中，NIC+比NIC -更能增强积极影响的程度和持续时间。结果显示戒断缓解之外的情绪调节；这些影响可能会促使那些被诊断为精神病的人以及一般的吸烟者吸烟。
This research sought to determine whether smoking influences affect by means other than withdrawal reduction. Little previous evidence suggests such an effect. We surmised that such an effect would be especially apparent in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), two disorders that are frequently comorbid with smoking and that involve dysregulated affect. Participants were US veterans who were regular smokers (N=159): 52 with PTSD (58% with comorbid MDD); 51 with MDD, and 56 controls with no psychiatric disorder. During three positive and three negative mood induction trials (scheduled over two sessions), non-withdrawn participants smoked either a nicotine-containing cigarette (NIC+), a nicotine-free cigarette (NIC−), or held a pen. Positive and negative affect were each measured before and after mood induction. Results showed a significant 2-way interaction of smoking condition x time on negative affect during the negative mood induction [F(6, 576)=2.41, p=.03] in those with PTSD and controls. In these groups, both NIC+ and NIC−, relative to pen, produced lower negative affect ratings following the negative mood induction. There was also a 2-way interaction of smoking condition x time on positive affect response to the positive mood induction amongst those with PTSD and controls F(6, 564)=3.17, p= .005] and amongst MDD and controls [F(6, 564)=2.27, p= .036]. Amongst all smokers, NIC+ enhanced the magnitude and duration of positive affect more than did NIC−. Results revealed affect modulation outside the context of withdrawal relief; such effects may motivate smoking among those with psychiatric diagnoses, and among smokers in general.