Transport of bacterial cells toward the Pacific in Northern Hemisphere westerly winds
Transport of bacterial cells toward the Pacific in Northern Hemisphere westerly winds
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北半球西风将细菌细胞输送到太平洋
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.038
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Daizhou Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kotaro Murata;Daizhou Zhang
在日本西南海岸对空气中的活细菌和非活细菌进行了研究，以概述细菌的传播方式，并量化北半球西风中的细菌丰度和活力。这些观测是在 2011 年 10 月 12 日至 2013 年 4 月 7 日期间，天气受到与亚洲大陆流出相关的气旋或反气旋控制时进行的。热力学不同气团中的细菌浓度顺序相同，但范围不同：额叶后空气中为 4.5 × 105–1.3 × 106cells m−3，前额空气中 2.4 × 105–1.4 × 106 个细胞 m−3，气旋和反气旋之间的空气中 5.4 × 105–9.9 × 105 个细胞 m−3，反气旋空气中 2.9 × 105–4.1 × 105 个细胞 m−3。在额后空气中，浓度与粗气溶胶颗粒（直径 > 1.0 μm）密切相关。相比之下，细菌没有表现出与前额空气和反气旋空气中的粗颗粒的相关性。所有样品的细菌活力平均约为 70%。然而，如果排除空气停滞的静止锋面情况，额后空气的生存能力小于 60%。这些结果表明，跟随西风中快速移动的冷锋的气团不断有效地将空气中的细菌从亚洲大陆输送到西北太平洋，并且细菌具有与粗颗粒相关的高丰度和低活力的特征。缓慢移动的反气旋和前额空气中的细菌，其特点是丰度低、活力高，更可能是远距离运输的细菌和区域或本地起源的细菌的混合物。
Viable and non-viable bacteria in the air were investigated on the southwestern Japan coast to outline the manner by which bacteria were transported and to quantify the bacterial abundance and viability in the Northern Hemisphere westerly winds. The observations were conducted when the weather was governed by cyclones or anticyclones associated with Asian continent outflow between 12 October 2011 and 7 April 2013. Bacterial concentration in thermodynamically different air parcels was in the same order but different ranges: 4.5 × 105–1.3 × 106cells m−3in postfrontal air, 2.4 × 105–1.4 × 106cells m−3in prefrontal air, 5.4 × 105–9.9 × 105cells m−3in the air between cyclones and anticyclones and 2.9 × 105–4.1 × 105cells m−3in anticyclone air. In postfrontal air, the concentration correlated closely with coarse aerosol particles (diameter > 1.0 μm). In contrast, bacteria did not show a correlation with coarse particles in prefrontal air and anticyclone air. Bacterial viability was approximately 70% on average of all samples. However, the viability in postfrontal air was smaller than 60% if cases of stationary fronts with stagnant air were excluded. These results indicate that air parcels following fast-moving cold fronts in the westerly wind flow constantly and efficiently conveyed airborne bacteria from the Asian continent toward northwestern Pacific and the bacteria were characterized by coarse particle-correlated high abundance and low viability. The bacteria in slowly moving anticyclone and prefrontal air, characterized by low abundance and high viability, were more likely a mixture of long-range transported ones and regionally or locally originated ones.