Judging the plausibility of arguments in scientific texts: a student–scientist comparison
Judging the plausibility of arguments in scientific texts: a student–scientist comparison
复制标题
判断科学文本中论点的合理性：学生与科学家的比较
DOI：
10.1080/13546783.2015.1127289
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kirsten Berthold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sarah von der Mühlen;Tobias Richter;Sebastian Schmid;E. M. Schmidt;Kirsten Berthold
评估科学主张和证据的能力是科学素养的一个重要方面，需要各种认知能力。读者会自发地根据自己的知识和信念来验证所呈现的信息，但在战略性地评估非正式论点的合理性方面，他们的能力有所不同。目前的研究调查了心理学学生与从事心理学工作的科学家如何评价非正式论点。使用有声思考程序，我们确定了学生和科学家在判断论点的合理性和对常见论点谬误进行分类时使用的具体策略。结果表明，与科学家相比，学生很难形成这些判断，并将其建立在直觉和观点之上，而不是基于论点的内部一致性。我们的研究结果用心理模型理论框架进行了讨论。虽然入门学生用他们的知识和信念来验证科学信息，但他们的判断往往是错误的，部分原因是他们对策略的使用不成熟。讨论了认知能力系统训练的意义。
ABSTRACT The ability to evaluate scientific claims and evidence is an important aspect of scientific literacy and requires various epistemic competences. Readers spontaneously validate presented information against their knowledge and beliefs but differ in their ability to strategically evaluate the soundness of informal arguments. The present research investigated how students of psychology, compared to scientists working in psychology, evaluate informal arguments. Using a think-aloud procedure, we identified the specific strategies students and scientists apply when judging the plausibility of arguments and classifying common argumentation fallacies. Results indicate that students, compared to scientists, have difficulties forming these judgements and base them on intuition and opinion rather than the internal consistency of arguments. Our findings are discussed using the mental model theory framework. Although introductory students validate scientific information against their knowledge and beliefs, their judgements are often erroneous, in part because their use of strategy is immature. Implications for systematic trainings of epistemic competences are discussed.
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
Douglas M. Bates;M. Maechler;Ben Bolker;Steven C. Walker
通讯作者：
Douglas M. Bates;M. Maechler;Ben Bolker;Steven C. Walker
影响因子：
7
作者：
MacKinnon, DP;Lockwood, CM;Sheets, V
通讯作者：
Sheets, V